Theories of Personality

These flashcards cover key theories and concepts related to Carl Jung and Melanie Klein's theories of personality, including archetypes, the psyche, attachment theory, and psychotherapy methodologies.

Who was Carl Gustav Jung and what was his profession after completing his medical degree?

Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and he became a psychiatric assistant in a mental hospital in Zürich.

What is the collective unconscious according to Jung's theory?

The collective unconscious is the part of the psyche that contains the memories and experiences of the ancestral past of the entire species.

What are archetypes in Jungian psychology?

Archetypes are ancient and archaic images derived from the collective unconscious that influence thoughts, emotions, and actions.

How does Jung define the 'Persona' archetype?

The Persona is the side of personality that people show to the world, projected by a particular societal role.

What does Jung mean by the 'Shadow' archetype?

The Shadow represents the qualities we do not wish to acknowledge, which we attempt to hide from ourselves and others.

What is the significance of dreams in Jung's theory?

Dreams are a primary source of archetypal material and provide proof for the existence of archetypes.

Define the term 'Introversion' as described by Jung.

Introversion is the turning inward of psychic energy oriented toward the subjective, where individuals are selective in their perception of the external world.

What are the four functions that can combine with introversion and extraversion?

The four functions are Sensing, Thinking, Feeling, and Intuiting.

Describe the 'Paranoid-Schizoid Position' in Klein’s object relations theory.

It is a developmental stage where infants have a subjective and fantastic perception of the external world, experiencing persecutory feelings.

What is the 'Depressive Position' in Klein's theory?

The Depressive Position begins when infants view objects as whole and understand that good and bad can exist in the same person, leading to feelings of guilt and anxiety.

How did Klein view the process of object relations in infants?

Klein emphasized that infants internalize both positive and negative feelings towards their primary objects (typically the mother) during early development.

What are the three attachment styles identified by Mary Ainsworth in her Strange Situation procedure?

The three attachment styles are Secure, Anxious-Resistant, and Anxious-Avoidant.

What does Melanie Klein’s concept of internalization mean?

Internalization involves introjecting aspects of the world and organizing these introjections into a meaningful psychological framework.

Explain the concept of 'Projective Identification' as a defense mechanism.

Projective Identification is when infants project unacceptable parts of themselves into another object and then introject them back in a changed form.

What is the purpose of psychotherapy according to Jung?

Psychotherapy aims to provide insight, understanding of neuroses, and facilitate transformation in both therapist and patient.