Foundations of Modern Psychology

These flashcards cover key concepts, theories, and figures related to the foundations of modern psychology.

Helmholtz

A key figure in psychology known for his work on perception, vitalism rejection, and the invention of the ophthalmoscope.

Ophthalmoscope

An instrument invented by Helmholtz to measure reaction time, significantly advancing psychological science.

Apperception

Wundt's concept emphasizing the importance of self-perception in conscious understanding.

Mental chronometry

A method used by Wundt to measure the duration of mental processes through timing mental events.

Reaction time studies

Research method employed by Wundt to understand how quickly mental processes occur.

Gradualism

Lyell's theory suggesting that Earth's features develop slowly over time, providing a framework for natural selection.

Struggle for existence

Malthus’s concept of competition that influenced Darwin’s theory of evolution.

Radical empiricism

William James's approach proposing that all experiences should be studied in psychology.

Stream of consciousness

A concept developed by James describing the flow of thoughts and experiences as interconnected.

James-Lange theory of emotion

The theory suggesting emotions result from the awareness of bodily changes.