Commonly related

What diseases are horizontally transmitted only?

• Duck viral hepatitis

• Duck virus enteritis

• Riemerella anatipestifer 

• Trichomonas gallinae  

• Coccidiosis

• Lice

• Chlamydia

• Fowl Cholera

• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 

• Clostridium

• Infectious Coryza

• Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale 

• Bordetella avium

• Marek

• Influenza

• Avian Metapneumovirus

• IBDV

• Infectious Bronchitis 

• Fowl pox

• Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis

What avian diseases possess zoonotic potential?

• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 

• Newcastle

• Chlamydia psittaci

• Influenza

What diseases result in 100% mortalities?

• IBDV

• HPAI

• Velogenic Newcastle

• Diphtheric/wet form of Fowl pox

• Clostridium septicum

• Clostridium botulinum

• Clostridium colinum

• Inclusion Body Hepatitis 

State the differential diagnoses for convulsions of the neck and head that leads to death in an opisthotonos position

• Duck viral hepatitis

• Newcastle

• Clostridium botulinum 

• Mareks

•  

What diseases cause bile duct hyperplasia?

• Duck viral hepatitis

• Aflatoxins

What diseases cause splayed legs in broilers?

• Chlorine deficiency

• Hypoglycemic spiking mortality syndrome

• Excess Vitamin A, E, Cu

• Mn deficiency

What disease cause uneven uniformity in broilers?

• Runting and stunting syndrome

• Viral arthritis

What diseases lead to cannibalism?

• Lysine and methionine deficiency

• Heat stress

• Sodium deficiency in laying hens

• Malnutrition

What diseases cause swollen eyes?

• Fowl Cholera

• E.coli

• IBV

• Infectious coryza

What diseases cause pododermatitis/ bumblefoot/swollen feet?

• Biotin deficiency

• Amyloidosis (secondary)

• Articular gout

• Staphylococcus aureus

• High ammonia

• Poor litter quality

• Hypovitamin A

• Lipidosis

State the causes of feather pecking and cannibalism

• Boredom, high stocking density, nutritional deficiencies, ectoparasite infestation

State the strategies to address feather pecking

• Dietary supplementation, Housing modifications, Enrichment activities, 

Which viruses are non-enveloped in avian diseases?

• Chicken Infectious Anemia (CIA – Gyrovirus, ssDNA)

• Infectious Bursal Disease (IBDV – Birnaviridae, dsRNA)

• Avian Adenoviruses (FAdV – dsDNA)

• Egg Drop Syndrome Virus (D-AdV-1 – dsDNA)

• Inclusion Body Hepatitis (Adenovirus)

• Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis (Siadenovirus)

• Reovirus
  
  Can I Ask Everyone In The Room

Which avian viruses are enveloped?

• Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV – Herpesvirus)

• Avian Influenza Virus (Orthomyxovirus)

• Newcastle Disease Virus (Paramyxovirus)

• Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Coronavirus)

• Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT – Herpesvirus)

• Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV – Metapneumovirus)

• Fowlpox Virus (Poxvirus – large, hardy but enveloped inside lesion material)

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Which viruses are DNA viruses?

• Marek’s Disease Virus (Herpesvirus)

• Fowlpox (Poxvirus)

• ILT (Gallid Herpesvirus 1)

• Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CAV)

• Adenoviruses (IBH, EDS)

• Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis (Siadenovirus)
  
  

Which viruses are RNA viruses?

• Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV – dsRNA)

• Newcastle Disease Virus (ssRNA)

• Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Coronavirus – ssRNA)

• Avian Metapneumovirus – ssRNA

• Avian Encephalomyelitis (Picornavirus – ssRNA)

• Avian Influenza (Orthomyxovirus – segmented ssRNA−)

• Avian Reovirus- dsRNA

• Avian Leukosis

Diseases of mostly very young chicks (< 3–6 weeks):

• CIA → clinical in 1–4 week chicks

• IBDV → 3–6 weeks most susceptible

• AE → 1–3 weeks (neurologic tremors)

• IBH → broilers <5 weeks

• Quail Bronchitis → <4 weeks

• Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis → 4–6 weeks

Diseases of older birds (>14–16 weeks or adults):

• Lymphoid Leukosis → >14–16 weeks

• Egg Drop Syndrome → laying birds

• Infectious Laryngotracheitis → 3–9 months

• Fowlpox → any age but worse when older layers affected

Viruses that mainly affect layers/egg production:

• Infectious Bronchitis → egg quality + false layer

• Egg Drop Syndrome → thin/soft/pale eggs

• Avian Influenza (LPAI & HPAI) → ↓ eggs, misshapen

• ILT → drop in eggs

• Fowlpox (wet/dry form) → ↓ production

Which viruses target lymphoid organs?

• CIA → T-cell precursors (thymus + bone marrow)

• IBDV → B-cells in bursa

• Marek’s → T-cell transformation → tumours

• Adenovirus (IBH) → liver mainly but bursa may shrink

• Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis → spleen

Viruses with respiratory tract tropism:

• ILT → upper airway blood, syncytia, inclusion bodies

• IBV → URT + urogenital

• NDV → respiratory + nervous + enteric

• Avian Influenza → respiratory ± systemic

• aMPV → swollen head, sinusitis

• Quail Bronchitis → tracheal adenovirus

Viruses causing neurological signs:

• Marek’s → paralysis, torticollis

• Newcastle (velogenic neurotropic) → tremors, paralysis

• Avian Influenza HPAI → nervous signs

• Avian Encephalomyelitis → tremors, ataxia

Liver-based viral diseases:

• IBH → swollen pale mottled liver + inclusion bodies

• HPAI → hepatic necrosis + hemorrhage

• NDV (velogenic) → necrotic lesions in viscera

• EDS → no significant liver lesions normally

Virus isolation in embryonated eggs is used for which diseases?

• NDV

• Avian Influenza

• IBV → curled, stunted embryos

• ILT → CAM pocks

• Fowlpox → CAM pocks

• Adenoviruses → also used

Which diseases are prevented mainly by vaccinating breeders to pass maternal antibodies?

• CIA

• IBDV

• AE

• Adenovirus (IBH)

• Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis (maternal Abs protective)

Which diseases have no treatment, supportive care only?

• CIA

• IBD

• Marek’s

• NDV

• Avian Influenza

• ILT

• IBH

• Quail Bronchitis

• aMPV

• Fowlpox (manage but no cure)

What are some Ag detection methods?

• PCR

• EM

• IHC

• Antigen capture ELISA

• IF

• AGID

• Virus isolation

What are some Ab detection methods?

• ELISA

• Virus neutralization

• AGID

• Agglutination

• HI

• Fluorescent Ab test
  
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