Language Arts Exam Review

Phrase

A group of words that lacks both a subject or verb, cannot stand alone.

Capitalization

titles, places/regions, organizations

What punctuation is used in this sentence? Answer appositive

My English teacher, Mrs. Davis, loves to read classic literature.

What punctuation is used in this sentence? Answer interrupter

The local coffee shop, which just opened down the street, offers the best espresso in town.

What type of sentence is this? Answer run-on

The dog barked all night the neighbors could not sleep.

What type of sentence is this? Answer complete (normal sentence)

Sunday is a holiday.

What type of sentence is this? Answer Compound sentence (two independent clauses joined by a conjunction)

My wife has a green thumb, but I can't seem to keep any plants alive.

What type of sentence is this? Answer complex sentence (One independent clause combined with at least one dependent clause)

Because he likes the sound of his voice, Chewie barked at a squirrel.

What type of statement is this? Answer Declarative statement

The art thief had a weakness for eighteenth-century masterworks.

What type of statement is this? Answer interrogative

Did you notice the cricket swimming in your cup of tea?

What type of statement is this? Answer exclamatory

I cannot believe that you tried one of those disgusting chocolate-broccoli muffins!

What type of sentence is this? Answer Dependent clause

Because she missed the bus

What type of sentence is this? Answer independent clause

The dog barked.

Clause

A group of words that contains a subject and verb, requires both!

Identify the subject in this sentence

Although it started raining, the team continued their soccer match until the final whistle blew.

Identify the verb in this sentence (there are three)

Although the heavy storm approached quickly, the skilled hikers reached the safety of the cabin before the sun set.

identify the possessive pronouns in this sentence. (there are 2)

Because my neighbors were arguing about which plot of land was theirs, they completely forgot that the harvest in the northern field was ours.

Identify the antecedents and corresponding pronouns. (antecedents bolded and corresponding pronouns underlined.)

Because the professors who taught the seminar were so engaging, the students who attended the workshop submitted reports that impressed the entire department.

Identify the correlatvie conjunctions in this sentence (there are 4)

Because the committee could reach neither a unanimous consensus nor a favorable compromise, we must decide whether we should postpone the convention or proceed with a shortened schedule.

Identify the 2 direct objects in the sentence.

Although it rained heavily outside, the hungry chef prepared a delicious meal and a fresh salad for the restaurant guests.

Identify the 2 indirect objects in this sentence.

Because the director wanted to boost morale, she handed the actors their scripts and awarded the crew a well-deserved bonus.

Identify the 5 objects of the preposition in this sentence.

Because she was exhausted from the long drive through the winding mountains, Sarah decided to rest by the quiet river before continuing her journey toward the city center.

Explain Shakespeare’s contributions to the “bard“ meaning the poet

enriching the English language with thousands of new words, redefining dramatic storytelling, and perfecting lyrical verse

What are Aristotle’s 6 elements of a tragedy?

1. Plot (Mythos): Considered the "soul of a tragedy". It is the deliberate arrangement of incidents with a clear beginning, middle, and end. The best plots are complex and feature a causal flow of events.

2. Character (Ethos): The people driving the plot. Traditionally, the tragic hero is a noble figure who is neither a saint nor a villain, making their eventual downfall feel both tragic and relatable.

3. Thought (Dianoia): The thematic message, moral reasoning, and ideas expressed by the characters through dialogue.

4. Diction (Lexis): The actual phrasing, vocabulary, and literary devices used to express thoughts.

5. Song (Melos): The musical or rhythmic elements, often handled by a Greek chorus to provide commentary and set the mood.

6. Spectacle (Opsis): The visual elements of the play, including stagecraft, scenery, and special effects. Aristotle considered this the least important element, believing the story's emotional weight should come from the writing, not visual tricks

Soliloquy vs. monologue, what’s the difference?

a monologue is spoken to others, while a soliloquy is spoken to oneself

Simile

Compares two things using like or as

Metaphor

Compares two things without using like or as

Personificaiton

Giving an object human characteristics

Hyperbole

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

Idiom

An expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usual meanings of its constituent elements.

Pun

A form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect.

Double entendre

A word or phrase open to two interpretations

Oxymoron

contradictory statement, beautifully ugly

Euphesim

Phrases that replace harsh words with milder ones, instead of unemployed, between jobs.

Allusion

Indirect reference to a subject, not bringing it up, but bringing it up by saying something subtle.

Hamartia

Tragic character flaw that eventually leads to the hero’s downfall

Diction

choice of words that the author uses to convey something