World History 2 - Exam 2 (Notes pages 49-62) - Prof. J ----WINNING ALWAYS FOR MY GIRLFRIEND SPEEDRUN OF THE CENTURY LIKE NO ONE HAS EVER SEEN BEFORE WITH THE PYRAMIDS AND TRPESISES AND THEN THERE WAS A WAR BUT IDK BECAUSE IT HISTORY OF THE PAST ALL THE TIME BECAUSE JENSEN IS TEACHING US THE WAY

1933

Hitler becomes Chancellor; the Third Reich in Germany

1937

Japanese "Rape of Nanking" (China) begins - thousands murdered

1938

Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) - "the night of broken glass" - persecution

1939 - 1945

World War II - September 1st 1939 through September 2nd 1945

1940 - 1941

Battle of Britain (the "Blitz": September 1940 - May 1941)

1941 - June 22nd

Germany invades the Soviet Union (aka Operation Barbarossa)

- (National Onion Ring Day [obviously] - "Onion" sounds a lot like "Union," doesn't it...)

1941 - December 7th

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor; Germany later declares war on US

1942

Jan. - Wannsee Conference plans "final solution" to the "Jewish question"

1944

June 6 - D-Day, the Allied invasion of Normandy (France)

1945

August - Hiroshima & Nagasaki attacked with atomic weapons

Lebensborn

Permitted & encouraged relations of suitable girls with SS men for stock rearing (Aryan-breeding program)

SS

- Guards detachment: personal guards to Hitler

- Elite corps of the Nazis

SA

Storm-troopers: paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party

The Final Solution

The Nazi plan, under the direction of Himmler, for the elimination of European Jews

Charles de Gaulle

- French general

- During WWII, he organized the Free French movement

Heinrich Himmler

Nazi leader who oversaw the program of systematic genocide

Joseph Goebbels

- Nazi leader & politician

- Became Hitler's Minister of Propaganda

Winston Churchill

- Part of his contribution to victory was to maintain British morale

- After victory in the war, he was defeated in the general election

Totalitarianism

Applied both to fascist and communist governments

Fascism

- An ultra-nationalistic & anti-communist ideology

- The state runs the economy

- Private property is not abolished - The state does not own all property

ADOLF HITLER'S BACKGROUND

Born in Austria and rejected by the Vienna Academy of Arts

NAZI OUTLOOK

Germans were entitled to conquer/subjugate other races (Aryan superiority)

Hitler becomes leader of NSDAP

- Commonly called: NAZI

- National Socialist German Workers' Party

Mussolini

- Made Italy the first Fascist State (country?)

Hitler attempts to seize power

With others in support (Ludendorff, Rohm. etc.) Hitler leads the Beer Hall Putsch (coup) in Munich

Mein Kampf

- "My Struggle"

- Hitler's book which dictates his worldview

DT - Hitler appointed Chancellor

Appointed by President Paul von Hindenburg (WWI fame)

DT - Enabling Act is passed

- Permitted the Chancellor to enact legislation (laws) independently of the Reichstag

- Hitler is thus dictator

DT - the Night of the Long Knives

- Hitler wanted to garner support from the army

- He called for a meeting of the SA leadership - would move against them

- The SS rounded up high-ranking SA members (including Ernst Rohm) and other individuals and executed them

Rhineland

- Germany occupies and re-militarizes it

- French troops did nothing

Yankee Stadium

Max Schmeling (DT) knocks out Joe Louis (US) in the 12th round at Yankee Stadium

Spanish Civil War

- "Dress rehearsal" for further conflict

- Soviet Union supports the loyalist Spanish regime

Rape of Nanjing

- Aka: Nanking

- In this Chinese city, JP troops run wild among the civilians

- Civilians murdered and women raped

The Anschluss

- DT annexes Austria

- Austria is "reunited" with Germany

Munich Conference

- Appeasement - "peace for our time"

- GB & FR sign the Munich Pact

- Hitler promised the Sudetenland would be "the last territorial claim I have to make in Europe"

DT - Kristallnacht

- "The night of broken glass"

- Nazis attacked Jewish persons & property

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Germany & the USSR pledge non-aggression against one another

Blitzkrieg

- "Lightning war"

- Germany attacks Poland at dawn

FDR receives Einstein letter

- Outlines atomic threat

- The Manhattan Project is born

The Manhattan Project

- A top-secret atomic program

- Refugee scientists will assist America with its atomic weapons preparation program

Sitzkrieg

- EU - The Phony War

- Germany pauses they relocate from their victorious eastern position to the western area

Germany attacks France

- DT cuts through the "impenetrable" Ardennes Forest

- Out-flanked the FR Maginot defense line

- Italy declares war on FR and invades from the south

Miracle of Dunkirk

- Evacuation of BR/FR troops pinned down in France

- DT had a "Panzer pause"

RAF

Royal Air Force

The Battle of Britain

- RAF bombed DT late Aug

- DT offensive was diverted to BR cities

- Had the Luftwaffe not shifted to city bombing, the RAF may have lost

US - Lend-Lease Act

Explained by FDR's garden hose metaphor

Operation Barbarossa

- Germany invades the Soviet Union/Russia

- The largest military operation in human history

- DT forces stop c. 20 miles from Moscow

- Following DT troop invasions were the mobile killing squads

Mobile killing squads

Einsatzgruppen (SS commando units)

Russian Campaign

The Russians/Soviets will win 3 major battles:

Leningrad - Moscow - Stalingrad

Siege of Leningrad

Leningrad's civilians starve

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

- Germany declares war on the US

- JP pulls off a surprise attack using carrier-borne aircraft (carrier radio silence)

- US strategy will be to finish Germany first - maintain/hold off Japan

US surrenders Philippine Islands

Bataan Death March

Battle of Midway

- Middle of Pacific

(- US trap on JP trap)

Operation Overlord

D-Day:

- The Allies, under Gen. Eisenhower, launch the invasion of Normandy (France)

Background/Aspects for D-Day

- Atlantic Wall

- Rupert (the dummy)

- Higgins Boat (boats in the opening of movie: SPR)

- A sleeping Hitler (bro genuinely just slept in and fumbled)

WORLD WAR II

Let's get it onnnn

EU - Battle of the Bulge

- A last-gasp, surprise DT offensive

- 101st Airborne encircled (surrounded) at Bastogne

- Using armored support, General Patton's forces liberated (rescued/relieved) the 101st

Fire-bombing of Tokyo

US B-29 bombers using napalm (incendiary jelly) & other incendiaries

Battle of Okinawa

Kamikaze attacks

US - Manhattan Project Test

- Spearheaded by J. Robert Oppenheimer

- You know what this is about...

Hiroshima hit with Atomic Bomb

Explodes slightly above the city center

THE HOLOCAUST

Systematic state-sponsored extermination of "undesirables" by the Nazis & collaborators

- in total, c. 6 million Jews & c. 6 million others became victims

Nazi racial ideology

- Characterized Jews (& others: Poles, Slavs, etc.) as Untermenschen (sub-human)

- Nazi policy moved from: persecution to ghettoization, to liquidation, to factory-like annihilation

Liquidation

Einsatzgruppen (SS) estimated to have killed over 1 million people

Annihilation

- Reinhard Heydrich convened the Wannsee Conference

- Purpose: to organize the "final solution to the Jewish question"

- Jews mounted a resistance during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Extermination camps

Auschwitz-Birkenau (and others)

- In Poland

Witness

To prevent the actions from being labeled as Allied propaganda (& later "Holocaust Denial"), General Eisenhower wanted DT civilians, military personnel, journalists, etc. to pass through the camps