LAST ONE - LAB PRACTICAL

Symmetry

Look at 1st

Asymmetrical

Porifera

Radial

Cnidaria/Echinodermata

Bilateral

Everything else (Annelida, Arthropoda, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Chordata, Mollusca)

Body Cavity

Look at 2nd

Flat

Platyhelmithes

Round

Nematoda

Segmented

Annelida

Support

Look at 3rd

Shell

Mollusca

Exoskeleton

Arthropoda

Backbone

Chordata

Body Cavity

How to know

Acoelomate

Platyhelmithes

Pseudocoelomate

Nematoda

Coelomate

Annelida

Porifera

“Pore-bearer”

(Prfa) Osculum

Opening at the top (hollow center)

(Prfa) Choanocytes

Cells that filter water

(Prfa) Amoebocytes

Cells that transport Nutrients

(Prfa) Spicules

Filter water (needle-like)

Cnidaria

“Stingers”

(Cnda) Tentacles

Stingers (contain stinging cells, defense/feeding)

(Cnda) Cnidocytes

Stinging cells

(Cnda) Gastrovascular cavity

Digestive cavity (food moves in and out mouth)

(Cnda) Medusa

Tentacles down

(Cnda) Polyp

Tentacles up

(Cnda) Mesoglea

Jelly-like layer

(Cnda) Epidermis

Outer lining of digestive cavity (protection)

(Cnda) Gastrodermis

Inner lining of digestive cavity

Cnidaria Classes

3

(Cnda) Scyphozoa

Medusa, Mobile (Large Jellyfish)

(Cnda) Hydrozoa

Polyp (mostly), Mobile and Sessile (Hydra, Man-o-War)

(Cnda) Anthrozoa

Polyp, Sessile (Coral, Sea Anemone)

Platyhelminthes

“Flat”

(Plty) Scolex

Attachments structure (head of the tapeworm)

(Plty) Proglottid

Egg sac

(Plty) Acoelomate

Lacks a true body cavity

(Plty) Pharynx

Extends outside the body to catch and digest food

(Plty) Eyespots

Light sensory organs (anterior)

Platyhelminthes Classes

3

(Plty) Turbellaria

Free-living, Mobile, Eyespots/Auricles (Planaria)

(Plty) Trematoda

Parasitic, Suckers, Leaf-shaped (Flukes)

(Plty) Cestoda

Parasitic, Scolex, Segmented - Proglottids (Tapeworms)

Nematoda

“Round & Smooth”

(Ntda) Cuticle

Protective outer covering

(Ntda) Pseudocoelomate

False body cavity

Mollusca

“Soft body/Shell

(Mlsa) Radula (tongue)

Scraping tongue

(Mlsa) Mantle

Shell producing layer (protection)

(Mlsa) “Mother of the pearl” Layer

Inner layer of shells (structural strength and defense mechanism)

(Mlsa) Filter feeders

Primarily bivalva

Mollusca Classes

4

(Mlsa) Gastopoda

“Belly-foot” (Snails and Slugs)

(Mlsa) Bivalvia (Pelecypoda)

Two-valved shell, Filter feeders (Clams and Oysters)

(Mlsa) Cephalopoda

“Head-foot” Tentacles (Squid and Octopus)

(Mlsa) Polyplacophora

8-plated shell, Suction foot (Chitons)

Annelida

“Segmented”

(Anda) Clitellum

Band on worm that produces eggs

(Anda) Segmented worms

Allows for flexibility

(Anda) Hydroskeleton

Fluid-filled (coelom) support system

Annelida Classes

3

(Anda) Polychaeta

Marine, many bristles (Bristle worm)

(Anda) Clitellata (Oligochaeta)

Have clitellum (Earthworms)

(Anda) Hirudinea

No bristles Parasitic/Medicinal (Leeches)

Arthripoda

“Jointed feet”

(Arpd) Exoskeleton

made of Chitin (protein)

(Arpd) Molting

Shedding of exoskeleton (for growth)

(Arpd) Complete vs. Incomplete metamorphosis

C - look different, INC- look the same

Athropod classes

6

(Arpd) Arachnida

8 legs, 2 body parts (Cephalothorax/Abdomen), no antennae (Spiders, Scorpions, ticks)

(Arpd) Insecta

6 legs, 3 body parts (Head/Thorax/Abdomen), antennae (Bees, ants, beetles, butterflies, grasshoppers, moth, mosquito)

(Arpd) Crustaceans

10+ legs, antennae present, (Lobsters, crayfish, crab, shrimp)

(Arpd) Merosomata

5 pairs of legs (Horseshoe crab)

(Arpd) Diplopoda

Millipedes

(Arpd) Chilopoda

Centipedes

Echinodermata

“Spiny skin”

(Edma) Water vascular system

Network of water filled canals

(Edma) Tube feet

Used for movement

Chordata

“Backbone/Nerve cord”

(Coda) Nerve cord

Becomes spinal cord

(Coda) Notochord

Becomes back bone

(Coda) Pharyngeal slits

Filter feeding/gills

(Coda) Ectothermic (Cold)

Agnatha, Chrondichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia

(Coda) Endothermic (Warm)

Aves, Mammalia

(Coda) Hemichordata

Gill slits

(Coda) Tunicata

Suspension feeders (Tunicates)

(Coda) Cephalochordata

Lancelets

Chordata (Vertebrata) Classes

7

(Coda) Agnatha

Jawless, Cartilage (Lampreys)

(Coda) Chondrichthyes

Jaws, Cartilage skeleton (Sharks, Rays)

(Coda) Osteichthyes

Bony skeleton, Operculum/swim bladder (Bass, Tuna)

(Coda) Amphibia

Aquatic larvae/Terrestrial adult, moist skin (Frogs, Salamanders)

(Coda) Reptilia

Scaled skin, Amniotic egg (Lizards, Snakes)

(Coda) Aves

Feathers, flight adaptations (Birds)

(Coda) Mammalia

Hair, Mammary glands, 3 groups (Humans, Kangaroos)

(Coda-Mam) Monotremes

Egg laying (platypus)

(Coda-Mam) Marsupials

Use of pouch (kangaroo)

(Coda-Mam) Eutherians

Placentas (human, zebra)