Cell Cycle, Mitosis, & Cancer Review

consists of G1, S and G2 phases in the cell cycle

What is interphase?

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

what is Cytokinesis

the growth phase: makes organelles and proteins needed for replication of DNA. Also contains a G1 checkpoint. if everything is correct, cell will proceed to S phase.

What makes up the G1 phase

DNA is replicated and/or synthesized

What is the S phase?

Growth phase: Cell gets ready to undergo Mitosis. Also contains a G2 checkpoint. If DNA replication is correct, the checkpoint allows cell to enter M phase

What is G2

Chromatin condenses to become chromatin, nuclear envelopes breaks down, and centrioles migrate to opposite poles in animal cells. Nucleolus disappears.

What is prophase?

Sister chromatids line up in the middle along the metaphase plate in the middle. Spindle apparatus attaches at the centromere of the chromosomes

What is metaphase?

sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell. The spindle apparatus pulls them apart. This phase ends when the chromatids stop moving.

What is anaphase?

two nuclear envelopes begin reforming. Chromatids relax, uncoil & are now chromatin. Cytokinesis is occurring during Telophase but it is NOT considered a part of mitosis because it does not involve the nucleus of the cell. In-plant cells, a cell plate begins to form while a cleavage furrow is visible in animal cells.

What is telophase?

division of a cell's nucleus. Occurs in this order: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

what is mitosis

Interphase

where does cell growth occur

mitosis

where does nuclear division occurs

mitosis

where are chromosomes finishined moving into separate daughter cells?

Interphase

Where are chromosomes duplicated?

Interphase

where does DNA synthesis occur

Interphase

where cells spend most of their life

Interphase

Mitochondria and other organelles are made

Metaphase

chromosomes move to the middle of the cell during?

anaphase

When do sister chromatids separate?

telephase

during which phase does the cleavage furrow start forming on animal cells?

46

If a cell has 46 chromosomes, how many will be in each daughter cell after Mitosis?

tumor

what is a mass of cancerous cells called?

A substance that causes cancer

What is a carcinogen?

Nickel and Radon

2 examples of carcinogens

To grow and divide

To replicate tissue.

What are reasons Eukaryotic cells divide

thread-like DNA and is the form usually found in a cell that is not dividing. When a cell is going to divide, chromatin coils up to form chromosomes.

Chromatin

condensing and packaging DNA this way makes it much more manageable and easier to divide it evenly among the 2 new IDENTICAL daughter cells.

Chromosomes

S phase

During which phase of interphase are chromosomes duplicated and DNA synthesized?

Interphase

In which part of the cell cycle does a cell spend most of it time?

Metaphase

Dr. Shepherd was looking at cells from a new eukaryotic organism under his light microscope and found a cell which had chromosomes lined up along the center of the cell. What phase of mitosis was the cell Dr. Shepherd was looking at in?

Prophase

In which phase of mitosis does the nucleus disappear and the chromosomes and spindles appear for the first time?

Telophase

During which phase of mitosis can you find two nuclei in one cell?

1. Chromosomes coil more tightly becoming visible

2. Centricoles move to poles of the cell.

3. nucleolus disappears

4. nuclear envelope breaks down

Prophase

1. chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

2. The spindle connects the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles

metaphase

1. Chromosomes uncoil

2. Nuclear membrane reappears

3. Mitosis is complete, cell division is NOT

Telephase

1. Chromosomes are separated

2. Spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes are pulled to poles of the cell ends when the chromosomes stop moving.

Anaphase

Suspended rest period, the cell is not actively dividing, includes nerve, heart, new proteins and organelles.

G0

Period of cell growth, new proteins and organelles.

G1

Chromosomes are replicated, DNA synthesis

S Phase]

The shortest of the 3 phases, organelles, and molecules required for cell division are produced, final preparation for mitosis.

G2

Division of the cell consists of 4 stages (phases)

M Phase

1. Prophase

2. Metaphase

3. Anaphase

4. Telephase

Name the 4 M Phases

The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide. During the cell cycle a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which the begins the cycle again.

what is cell cycle

verify whether the processes at each phase of the cell cycle have been accurately completed before continuing into the next phase.

What do cell cycle checkpoints do?