Nut final pt 3 infant (1st year of life)

mom's gut, birth mode, Ab exposure, breastmilk (bacteria +

oligosaccharides), pre/pro biotics are all important for developing what in baby's?

Gut microbiome

T/f: Gut microbiome begins rapid development

T

infant macronutrients:

Protein: ____g/kg 0-6mo

____g/kg 6-12 mo

Lipids: minimum of ___g/kg

Carbs: ____-_____% of energy

Protein: 1.5 g/kg 0-6mo

1.2 g/kg 6-12 mo

Lipids: minimum of 30 g/kg

Carbs: 30-60% of energy

What foods should be avoided by babies?

Why

Honey and corn starches

Botulism

What is Vit D RDA for infants?

400 IU

A deficiency in what vitamin causes brain bleeds in newborns (MC in breastfed infants)?

Vit k

What vitamin is only a concern if breastfeeding from vegan mother?

B12

What is most important mineral for breast feeding babies?

Iron

______ in infants causes long-lasting cognitive & developmental deficits & behavioral issues

IDA (iron def anemia)

Infants birth w/ ___-___ months of iron stores (assuming that mother was not deficient!)

4-6 mo

What are the RDAs for iron:

0-6 mo— _____ mg/d (we assume they get most of their requirement from their stores)

6-12 mo—_____ mg/d

1-3 yr— ____ mg/d

0.27mg

11 mg

7mg

T/f: Breastmilk is TERRIBLE source of iron

T

Iron absorption is better in formula than breastfeeding?

No

Formula = <12%

Breastfeed= 50%

Delayed cord clamping- +_____ months worth of iron

1.25

What is the iron absorption for breast milk?

What about formula?

50%

<12%

Full-term complete or partially breastfed infants— should be supplemented @ ___ months of age (1 mg/kg/d).

4 mo

When should an iron supplement stop for infants?

until iron-containing foods introduced

Premature complete or partially breastfed infants— supplementation should start @ ____ month of age (2 mg/kd/d)

When is supplementation stooped?

1 mo

until iron-containing foods introduced

T/f: no supplementation is necessary for formula fed infants.

T

What should you do for toddlers that are not reaching their iron intake levels?

liquid supplements until 3 years, chewable multivitamins > 3 yrs

When to Introduce Complementary Foods for infants?

4-6 mo

allow ___-___ day intervals btwn adding new foods to watch for allergies when introducing

3-5 days

breastfed or formula, added vitamin D & iron if necessary is for what age?

0-6 months

iron rich foods (fortified cereals, purred meats, beans), purred veggies & fruits, cooked eggs is good for what age groups?

6-8 mos

yogurt, grain products, veggies & fruits in various textures, legumes, hard cheeses are good for what ages?

8-10 mo

finger foods, chopped fruits & veggies, sippy cup are good for what ages?

10-12 mo

When should you introduce small amounts of water in a sippy cup for an infant?

What about honey and corn syrup?

What about cows milk?

6-12 mo

12 mo

12 mo

Whole milk can be introduced at ___-____ yrs, then 2% at least until ___ yrs

1-2 yrs

5 yrs

____ oz/d leads to cows milk anemia in infants.

24 oz

When should you introduce juice into an infant's diet?

>12 mo

What type of juice would you recommend?

100% fruit juice

T/f: it is recommended to give children a bottle of juice before bed

F

Why does sorbitol from juice cause gas?

equal amount of glucose & fructose are easier on stomach (white grape)

What is the max oz of juice a day for a patient that is 1-6 years old?

4-6 oz

7% of the cals in breast milk is from _________

60% of this is what?

40%of this is what?

Protein

Whey

Casein

42% of the cal in breast milk is from ______.

Lactose

What contains large amount of oligosaccharides to help colonize the gut?

Lactose in breast milk

What is the — iron binding protein that limits growth of certain bacteria in the GI tract found in lactose (breastmilk)?

Lactoferrin

20% of cals in cow milk is from _____.

20% of this is what?

80% of this is what?

Protein

Whey

Casein

30% of cows milk is from _______.

Lactose