Introduction to TCP/IP Networking

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts from the TCP/IP Networking lecture, including layers of the TCP/IP model, protocols, networking technologies, and essential networking practices.

TCP/IP model

A networking model that defines a set of protocols used for network communication.

Request for Comments (RFC)

Documents that define protocols and standards for the TCP/IP model.

Application layer

The top layer of the TCP/IP model that provides services for application software.

Transport layer

The layer in the TCP/IP model responsible for reliable communication, typically using TCP or UDP.

Internet Protocol (IP)

The key protocol at the network layer responsible for addressing and routing packets.

Encapsulation

The process where each layer adds its own header (and trailer) to data before transmission.

Physical layer

The lowest layer of the TCP/IP model, which deals with the physical transmission of bits over a medium.

Data-Link layer

The layer that defines how data is transmitted over a physical link and uses frames for communication.

Error recovery

A function of TCP that ensures reliable delivery of packets by requesting retransmission of lost data.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

A transport layer protocol that provides a connectionless service without error recovery.

Ethernet

A family of networking technologies used for wired local area networks (LANs), defined by the IEEE.

Full Duplex

A mode of communication where data can be transmitted and received simultaneously.

Half Duplex

A mode of communication where data transmission and reception occur alternately but not simultaneously.

Switch

A networking device that connects devices on a local area network and uses MAC addresses to forward data.

Routing table

A database in a router that maintains paths to various network destinations.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

A protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses in a local area network.

Frame Check Sequence (FCS)

A method used in Ethernet frames to detect errors in transmitted data.

MAC address

A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications at the data-link layer.

Broadcast address

An address that allows a frame to be delivered to all devices on a network.

Multicast address

An address used to send data to a group of devices on a network.

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

A network layer protocol used for error messages and operational information.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

A telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area, connecting multiple LANs.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A reliable transport layer protocol that establishes a connection and ensures data delivery.

Subnetting

The practice of dividing a network into smaller, manageable segments called subnets.