17. Biofuels I
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16 Terms
Fracking
The process of extracting hydrocarbons from the earth by injecting fluid at high pressure into rocks.
Hydrocarbon landscape
The overall state and distribution of hydrocarbon resources.
Biofuels
Fuels produced from organic matter, such as plant crops, cooking oil, or algae.
National Alcohol Program
A program instituted by the Brazilian government to switch from gasoline to ethanol from sugar cane.
Ethanol production
The process of producing ethanol from sugar cane, which involves fermenting the sugars in the cane juice.
Sugar to ethanol efficiency
The efficiency of converting sugar in sugar cane to ethanol, measured as the percentage of sucrose that is converted.
Environmental costs
The inputs and outputs associated with producing ethanol from sugar cane, including land use, water consumption, fertilizer use, labor, and pollution.
Biodiesel production system
The process of producing biodiesel from oil-bearing seeds or fats through crushing, esterification, and separation.
Synthesis of biodiesel
The steps involved in converting fats or oil into biodiesel, including neutralization of free fatty acids and transesterification.
Food vs fuel
The debate over whether agricultural land should be used to grow crops for biofuel production, considering the increasing global population.
Palm oil
A type of oil derived from palm trees, which is often associated with deforestation and environmental destruction.
2nd generation biofuels
Biofuels produced from non-food parts of plants, such as wheat straw, sugar cane bagasse, agave, and corn stover.
Enzymatic deconstruction
The process of breaking down plant cell walls into sugars using enzymes like cellulases, cellobiohydrolases, and beta-glucosidase.
Pilot plant
A small-scale facility used to test and demonstrate the feasibility of a new process or technology.
Mixed success
Refers to the varying outcomes and results achieved by different companies in the field of 2nd generation biofuels.
Algae biofuels
Biofuels produced from algae, which have faced challenges in terms of scalability and cost-effectiveness.