E Systemic Diseases - Chapter 23

sepsis

mediators of inflammation into the bloodstream caused by an infection (systemic inflammatory response syndrome))

septicemia

presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood

Puerperal Fever (Puerperal Sepsis)

-streptococcus pyogenes

-after vaginal delivery, uterine wall becomes irritated, organisms enter site, then into blood stream

Group B Streptococci (GBS)

-specifically Streptococcus agalactiae

--can cause neonatal sepsis with meningitis (potential complication)

-baby contaminated through birth canal

-mothers checked before labor

-treatment with antibiotics

-baby would not have normal microflora if introduction of antibiotics

-don't want pregnant women having adverse responses

Rheumatic fever

-Streptococcus pyogenes causes "Strep Throat"

-once symptoms go away

complication of fever, rash, and arthritis

heart damage

-antibodies made against organism (M protein) reacts to heart tissue

--cross reactive (recognizes protein on the organism and on the heart muscle)

Anthrax (infection)

-Bacillus anthracis

-endospores: contaminated food or breathed in

3 forms:

1. Cutaneous

2. Respiratory

3. Intestinal

-plasmids carry genes for 3 exotoxins (binds with the protective antigen, A and/or B subunit) and capsule formation.

- ALL 3 traits must be present to cause disease

1. Edema factor

2. Lethal factor

3. Protective antigen

-exotoxins inhibit macrophages destroying the organism and interfere the immune system

-blood cloths in lung capillaries and septic shock cause death

-prevention by vaccination

-endospores can contaminate fur of animals

-people working with animals and parts (skins) must keep clean

Gangrene

-Clostridium perfringens organism (endospore , former anaerobe)

-damages skin tissue for entry

-grows deep in tissue, cuts off blood supply (ischemia)

-makes toxins and enzymes to destroy host cells, bacteria enters bloodstream

-death occurs if not treated

Plague

-Yersinia pestis: makes exotoxins, inhibits macrophages and other parts of immune system

-found in wild rodents, bitten by fleas, then bites human and transfers

-Buboes: swollen lymph tissue, travels through lymph tissue

-Pneumonic plague: enters bloodstreams, can spread directly to other humans

-vaccine available

Lyme Disease

-Borrelia burgdorferi

-source: deer and rodents, ticks transfer to human

-"Bull's Eye Rash"- tell tale sign, not everyone gets it

-early antibiotic treatment necessary to prevent complications such as nerve damage and arthritis

Typhus Fever

-Rickeetsia prozekii

-transmitted from bites of body lice

-scratching bite area causes organisms to enter skin

-spread seasily in overcrowded and unclean environments

-vaccine available

-recurrence of infection is called Brill-Zinsser disease, milder symptoms

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

-Rickettsia rickettsia

-transmitted by ticks

-antibiotics available

Rickettsial Systemic Diseases

-caused by gram-negative obligate intracellular parasite

-emerging disease: growing number of new disease being discovered

-invade and damage blood vessel linings

-Petechiae: Leakage from blood vessel cause skin lesions

-causes: fever, headache, weakness, liver and spleen enlargement

-treatment: antibiotics, often remain latent

-transmitted to humans though arthropod vectors

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