NUR 317 Exam 4 - Lab Values Reference, Endocrine, Obesity, Pain Management

These flashcards cover key concepts from the NUR 317 exam review on lab values, endocrine disorders, obesity, and pain management.

What does ADH stand for?

Antidiuretic Hormone.

What is the urine specific gravity range for normal adults?

1.010–1.020.

In Diabetes Insipidus, what is the typical urine specific gravity?

1.001–1.005 (dilute).

In SIADH, what is the typical urine specific gravity?

Greater than 1.030 (concentrated).

What does hypernatremia indicate in Diabetes Insipidus?

Serum sodium level greater than or equal to 150 mEq/L.

What is the typical serum osmolality in Diabetes Insipidus?

Greater than 295 mOsm/kg.

What urine output is characteristic of Diabetes Insipidus?

Greater than 250 mL/hr (polyuria).

What urine output is characteristic of SIADH?

Low (oliguria).

What blood pressure changes are seen in Addison's Disease?

Decreased blood pressure due to hypovolemia.

What blood pressure changes are seen in Cushing's Syndrome?

Increased blood pressure due to fluid overload.

In the context of growth hormone, what are the signs of giantism?

Abnormal height; epiphyses still open.

In the context of growth hormone, what are the signs of acromegaly?

Enlargement of hands, feet, jaw; epiphyses closed.

What is the normal fasting blood glucose range?

70–100 mg/dL.

What may indicate a need for monitoring for hypoglycemia in GH deficiency?

May be normal glucose levels.

What is the effect of excessive growth hormone on blood glucose?

Elevated blood glucose due to insulin resistance.

What is the normal range for serum cortisol in the morning?

5–25 mcg/dL.

What condition presents with low cortisol levels and bronze skin?

Addison's Disease.

What condition presents with high cortisol levels and moon facies?

Cushing's Syndrome.

In cystic fibrosis, what is a characteristic electrolyte imbalance?

Low sodium and chloride levels in sweat.

What is the diagnosis criterion for metabolic syndrome?

Three of five criteria must be met.

What is the normal serum potassium range?

3.5–5.0 mEq/L.

What condition is characterized by high serum potassium?

Addison's Disease.

What blood test would you monitor after thyroid surgery?

Serum calcium levels.

What medication is a key treatment for acromegaly?

Octreotide.

In hypothyroidism, what is a common lipid profile abnormality?

Elevated cholesterol levels.

What are the TSH levels in primary hypothyroidism?

High TSH levels.

What triggers myxedema coma?

Infection, cold, missed medications, surgery.

What is the treatment for thyroid storm?

Antithyroid drug, then beta-blocker, then hydrocortisone.

What does the acronym BONES STONES GROANS MOANS represent?

Signs of hyperparathyroidism.

What is the classic sign of hypoparathyroidism?

Chvostek's sign.

What surgical procedure can result in hypoparathyroidism?

Thyroidectomy.

What is the range for calcium in hyperparathyroidism?

Greater than 10.2 mg/dL.

What must be monitored post-parathyroidectomy?

Calcium levels due to the risk of hypocalcemia.

What is the acronym for the consequences of hyperparathyroidism?

BONES STONES GROANS MOANS.

What are the four steps of nociception?

Transduction, Transmission, Perception, Modulation.

What is the mechanism of NSAIDs?

Inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, blocking prostaglandin synthesis.

What is the primary concern with opioid use?

Respiratory depression.

What is the antidote for opioid overdose?

Naloxone.

What are the signs of acetaminophen overdose?

Nausea, vomiting, pallor, lethargy.

What is the max daily dose of acetaminophen?

4000 mg/day.

What is the potential effect of long-term use of NSAIDs?

Gastrointestinal ulcers.

What is the initial management of opioid overdose?

Secure the airway first.

What is characteristic of neuropathic pain?

Abnormal processing of pain signals.

What medications are first-line for diabetic neuropathy?

Anticonvulsants like gabapentin.

What is the classification of obesity based on BMI?

Underweight, Normal weight, Overweight, Obesity Class I-III.

What are the risks associated with metabolic syndrome?

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.

What should be monitored after bariatric surgery?

Nutritional status and potential dumping syndrome.

What is the weight range for class I obesity?

30–34.9 kg/m².

What is the importance of person-first language?

It reduces weight bias and promotes respectful communication.

What type of nutritional approach is necessary post-bariatric surgery?

High protein, low fat, and carbs, with small meal sizes.

What are common complications after bariatric surgery?

Hemorrhage, anastomotic leak, VTE.

What is the goal of pharmacotherapy for obesity?

To achieve and maintain weight loss.

What is the mechanism of action of GLP-1 agonists?

They suppress appetite and improve glycemic control.

What should patients avoid immediately after bariatric surgery with regards to meals?

Fluid intake with meals.

What could lead to hyperglycemia in Cushing's Syndrome?

Elevated cortisol levels driving gluconeogenesis.

What electrolyte abnormalities are seen in Addison's Disease?

Low sodium and high potassium.

What is an essential nursing priority for patients with hypoparathyroidism?

Safety due to seizure risk.

In what condition would you find a prolonged QT interval on an ECG?

Hypoparathyroidism.

What assessment should be conducted routinely after neck surgery?

Check for signs of hypocalcemia.

What is a cardiopulmonary risk in Cushing's Syndrome?

Hypertension and potential arrhythmias.

What is the classic sign of hypercalcemia?

BONES STONES GROANS MOANS.

What is the unique feature of appetite suppressants for weight management?

They are typically short-term treatments.

Which medication is contraindicated in chronic kidney disease?

Orlistat.

What is the defining feature of obesity?

Chronic metabolic disease.

What action should be taken for hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery?

Administer IV calcium gluconate.

What clinical sign is indicative of hyperparathyroidism?

Kidney stones and bone pain.

What adaptations should patients make post-bariatric surgery regarding their diet?

Eat small, high-protein meals.

How often should patients take levothyroxine post thyroidectomy?

Lifelong, at the same time daily on an empty stomach.

What can cause elevation in blood glucose during Cushing's Syndrome?

Cortisol excess stimulating gluconeogenesis.

What is the mnemonic used to remember the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

BONES STONES GROANS MOANS.

What value indicates hypocalcemia?

Calcium level less than 8.5 mg/dL.

What are the common symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Fatigue, weight gain, bradycardia.

How does hydration play a role in managing hypercalcemia?

Increases urine output and decreases kidney stones.

What other lab values should be monitored in a patient with suspected hyperparathyroidism?

Phosphorus levels.

What is the risk when abruptly stopping corticosteroids?

Adrenal crisis due to sudden lack of cortisol.

What ratio is influenced by obesity affecting cardiovascular health?

Waist-to-hip ratio.

What does diuretic treatment aim to achieve in patients with SIADH?

Decrease water retention.