Biology Lab Notes

Prokaryotic Domains

Include Eubacteria, Archaea, and Cyanobacteria

Extremophiles

Microorganisms living in extreme conditions

Thermoacidophiles

Organisms surviving high temperatures

Bacteria Shapes

Coccus (spherical), Bacillus (rod-shaped), Spirillum (curved)

Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive

Differ in retaining dye (Gram-positive retains)

Mitosis Stages

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Interphase (G1, S, G2)

Cytokinesis

Division of cytoplasm after mitosis

Punnett Squares

Predict offspring traits' probability

Three Domains of Life

Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria

Phylum Sarcodina

Includes Amoeba, Pseudopodia

Phylum Ciliophora

Contains Paramecium, Cilia

Kingdom Fungi

Eukaryotes with chitin cell walls, mycelium structure

Phylum Zygomycota

Includes Rhizopus Nigricans (black bread mold)

Phylum Ascomycota

Contains Yeast, Morel

Phylum Basidiomycota

Includes Earthstar, Devil's Cigar

Phylum Deuteromycota

Contains Aspergillus, Penicillin

Lichens

Fungal-algal symbiotic organisms

Phylum Porifera

Sponges with radial symmetry

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Hermaphroditic flatworms like Planaria

Phylum Nematoda

Includes Ascaris Lumbricoides

Phylum Annelida

Contains Polychaeta, Hirudinea, Oligochaeta

Phylum Arthropoda

Insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc., with chitinous exoskeletons

Phylum Mollusca

Includes Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda

Phylum Chordata

Most advanced phylum with notochord, nerve tube, gill slits

Phylum Echinodermata

Includes sea stars, may reproduce asexually.