week two - civics

articles of confederation

first constitution of the colonies, declared independence

ratification

making a treaty/agreement valid

full faith and credit

states respected the laws and judgements from others

shay’s rebellion

attacks from farmers on government properties against imprisonment from debt

daniel shays

led shays rebellion, farmer that fought for the continental army

alexander hamilton

served in the continental army, signed declaration of independence, first secretary of treasury

james madison

fourth president, wrote the federalist papers, “father of the constitution”

farmers

delegates that drafted the constitution in philadelphia

quorum

minimum numbers of members needed to be present

virginia plan

three branch government with bicameral legislature, state’s membership is determined by population

veto

chief executive’s power to reject a bill

new jersey plan

alternative to the virginia plan, unicameral legislature where each state is equally represented

connecticut compromise

congress is composed of a senate (states have equal representation) and a house (state’s population)

three-fifths compromise

a slave is counted as 3/5 of a person for population numbers

commerce and slave trade compromise

protects slaveholders, congress cannot tax export goods, congress cannot act on slave trade

federalists

supported the ratification of the constitution

anti-federalists

opposed the ratification of the constitution

baron de montesquieu

wrote the spirit of laws, created legislative, executive, and judicial branches

george mason

proposed the bill of rights, 11th amendment

jean jacques rousseau

wrote the social contract, argued for the common good

william blackstone

wrote the commentaries on the laws of england, believed in protecting the rights of the innocent