(My Version) The Ultimate Guide to AP United States Government and Politics (copy)

What is the philosophical movement that emphasizes reason over tradition in solving social issues and began in the 18th century?

Enlightenment

Who believed that people could not govern themselves and advocated for a monarch with absolute power to protect life?

Thomas Hobbes

What are the natural rights that John Locke claimed must be protected by the government?

Life, liberty, and property

According to Rousseau, what corrupts people from their natural goodness?

Society

Which compromise established a bicameral legislature with representation based on population and equal representation?

The Great Compromise

What event highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and led to the Constitutional Convention?

Shays' Rebellion

What does the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution state?

Federal laws have priority over state laws.

Which group believes in a smaller national government and a more powerful state government, opposing the Constitution?

Anti-Federalists

What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?

To persuade states to support the ratification of the Constitution.

What is the primary effect of the Electoral College in presidential elections?

It insulates government from the direct whims of the public.

What landmark case established the principle of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

Which amendment guarantees the right to a speedy trial and legal counsel?

The Sixth Amendment

What is the legal significance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

It aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans.

What does the term 'judicial activism' describe?

Judges who are willing to overturn legislative acts.

In what case did the Supreme Court rule that a state-sponsored prayer in schools violated the Establishment Clause?

Engel v. Vitale

What is the concept of 'selective incorporation' in relation to the Bill of Rights?

It applies the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis.

What outcome did the case Brown v. Board of Education achieve?

It declared that state laws establishing segregated schools were unconstitutional.

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that a defendant must be informed of their rights during arrest?

Miranda v. Arizona