Unit 2: Basic Neurology for SLHS

What is 1

Frontal Lobe

What is 2?

Parietal Lobe

What is 3?

Occipital Lobe

What is 4?

Temporal Lobe

What is 5?

Pre-central Gyrus - Primary Motor Strip

What is 6?

Post Central Gyrus - Somatosensory

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Gross motor movements

What is the pre-frontal cortex (part of the frontal lobe) responsible for?

Planning, organization, executive decision-making, problem solving, reasoning, judgement

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Sensory information (touch, pressure, pain, temperature)

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Receiving and interpreting visual information

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Processing auditory information, memory formation, and declarative memories

What is 7?

Central Sulcus/Fissure of Rolando

What is 8?

Lateral Fissure/Sylvian Fissure

What is 9?

Cerebellum

What is 10?

Pons

What is 11?

Brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla)

What basal ganglia disorder has to do with hypokinetic movement?

Parkinson’s Disease

What basal ganglia disorder has to do with hyperkinetic movement?

Huntington’s Disease

What is CN 1?

Olfactory

What is CN 2?

Optic

What is CN 3?

Oculomotor

What is CN 4?

Trochlear

What is CN 5?

Trigeminal

What is CN 6?

Abducens

What is CN 7?

Facial

What is CN 8?

Vestibulocochlear

What is CN 9?

Glossopharyngeal

What is CN 10?

Vagus

What is CN 11?

Accessory

What is CN 12?

Hypoglossal

What is the olfactory nerve responsible for?

Smell

What is the optic nerve responsible for?

Vision (sense of light)

What is the oculomotor nerve responsible for?

Eye movement and pupil constriction

What is the trochlear nerve responsible for?

Eye movement

What is the trigeminal nerve responsible for?

Movement of jaw, sensation in face, scalp, and teeth, mastication muscles

What is the abducens nerve responsible for?

Eye movement

What is the facial nerve responsible for?

Muscles of facial expression, anterior 2/3 of the tongue, salivation

What is the vestibulocochlear nerve responsible for?

Hearing and balance (sense of equilibrium)

What is the glossopharyngeal nerve known for?

Movement of pharyngeal muscles, salivation, and taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue

What does “glossal” mean?

Tongue

What is the vagus nerve responsible for?

Elevates the velum, movement of vocal folds, and sensation and movement of heart, lungs, larynx, pharynx, and GI tract

What is the accessory nerve responsible for?

Movement of neck and shoulder muscles

What is the hypoglossal nerve responsible for?

Movement of the tongue

What is area 4?

Broca’s Area

What is Area 5?

Wernicke’s Area

What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

Language comprehension

What is Broca’s Area responsible for?

Language production

What type of aphasia may occur due to damage to Broca’s Area?

Non-fluent aphasia

What type of aphasia may occur due to damage of Wernicke’s Area?

Fluent aphasia

What is 1?

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)

What is 2?

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

What is 7?

Internal Carotid Artery

What is 3?

Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)

What is 4?

Posterior Communicating Artery

What is 5?

Basilar Artery

What is 6?

Anterior Communicating Artery

What blood flow distribution is 1?

The MCA

What blood flow distribution is 2?

ACA

What blood flow distribution is 3?

PCA

What is the top layer of meninges?

Dura Matter

What is the middle layer of meninges?

Arachnoid Matter (spiderwebby)

What is the deepest layer of meninges?

Pia Matter

Which ventricle is 1?

Lateral Ventricles

Which ventricle is 2?

Third Ventricle

Which ventricle is 3?

Fourth Ventricles

What are the functions of CSF?

bouancy, spatial buffering, excretion of waste, providence of nutrients

What nerves are part of the corticobulbar tract?

motor signals that exit through the brainstem

Describe a motor tract

Motor strip to UMN (travels down) cross over at medulla pyramids to LMN to neuromuscular junction to muscle

Which parts of the brain are associated with movement disorders?

Basal Ganglia or cerebellum

Describe a sensory pathway

Skin receptor to PAN (peripheral afferent neuron) to CAN (central afferent neuron) to sensory strip

What is 2?

Sensory nerve

What is 3?

Interneuron

What is 4?

LMN

What is 5?

CAN - goes to brain to modulate

What are the two motor tracts?

Corticobulbar and corticospinal

What are the two sensory pathways?

Medial leminscus and anterolateral

What does the medial lemniscus pathway process?

Touch and vibration

What does the anterolateral pathway process?

Deep pain and temperature

What may hyperactive reflexes be indicative of?

UMN damage - decreased modulation

What may less active reflexes be indicative of?

LMN damage