AGE 116 Animal Science Final Study Guide
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A set of vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts from Dairy Cattle Management, Beef Cattle Management, Poultry, Equine, Aquaculture, Animal Rights, and Animal Research.
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67 Terms
Holstein
The #1 breed of dairy cow, known for high milk production.
Jersey Cow
A breed of dairy cow with high milk fat and protein content.
Days in Milk (DIM)
The total number of days a cow is actively producing milk.
Average production per year per cow
The average amount of milk produced by a cow each year.
Culling
The process of removing cows from the herd for various reasons, with the number 1 cause being health issues.
Milk Fever
A metabolic disorder in dairy cows caused by low blood calcium levels, often occurring around calving.
rBST (recombinant bovine somatotropin)
A growth hormone given to dairy cows to increase milk production, with both pros and cons for health and welfare.
Oxytocin
The hormone responsible for the release of milk from the udder of cows.
Raw milk legality in NC
Raw milk is illegal to sell in North Carolina.
Mad Cow Disease
A prion disease that affects the brain and is transmissible among cows.
Creep Feeding
Providing supplemental feed to young calves to promote growth and prepare them for weaning.
Feed efficiency
A measure of the amount of feed required to achieve a certain weight gain in poultry.
Vertical Integration
A production strategy where different stages of production are controlled by a single entity.
Colic in Horses
A painful condition related to the digestive system in horses.
Beak trimming
A procedure done to poultry to prevent pecking and cannibalism.
By-Catch
Unintended catch of non-target species during commercial fishing activities.
Animal Rights vs. Animal Welfare
Animal Rights focuses on the belief that animals have a right to live freely, while Animal Welfare emphasizes humane treatment.
The 5 Freedoms
freedom from pain, fear, hunger, and distress, and the freedom to express normal behavior.
EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone)
A maritime zone extending 200 nautical miles from the coastal baseline where a country has special rights over marine resources.
305 days
How many days are cows in DIM (Days in Milk)?
60 days
How many days are the cows in the dry period.
4.8% fat and 3.6% protein
What is the milk fat and protein levels in Jersey Cows
3.7% fat and 3.1% protein
What is the milk fat and protein levels in Holstein cows
23,000 to 24,000 lbs
How much milk on average do dairy cows produce?
300 cows
The average amount of cows on a dairy farm in the U.S.
120-130 dairies
How many dairies are in the NC
30-50gal
What is the amount of water a dairy cow needs?
Reproduction issues
What is the number one reason for culling a dairy cow?
Low blood Calcium
What causes milk fever?
Increased Milk Efficiency
What is a pro for giving cattle rBST?
Increased mastitis and Consumer Perception issues
What is a con for giving rBST?
4 teats
How many teats do cattle have?
2 teats
How many teats do goats have?
2 teats
How many teats do horses have?
12-14 teats
How many teats do pigs have?
105 degrees Fahrenheit
What is the temp of cattle?
21 days
What is the cattle estrous cycle length?
283 days
What is the average gestation length for cattle?
400-600lbs
What is the weight of a weaned calf?
700-900lbs
What is the weight of a yearling?
1200-1400lbs
What is the weight of a market steer?
# of calves weaned divided by the # of cows exposed to bull times 100
How to calculate Calf Crop Percentage?
60-90 days
How many days is the average calving season?
Lower feed costs
Better weather
Matches natural cycles
What are the pros of spring calving?
Calf prices are lower
weather still unpredictable
parasites increase
What are the cons of spring calving?
Higher prices for calves
Cooler weather
Better use of winter feed
Calves are older/heavier going into spring markets
What are the pros of fall calving
Higher feed costs
More management required
Breeding happens in the winter.
Risk of harsh winter on young calves.
What are the cons of fall calving?
Palpation 30-45 days
Ultrasound 25+ days
Blood test 28+ days
What are the different methods of confirming pregnancy and when can they be used?
What needs to be done for newborn calves?
What needs to be done at weaning?
A respiratory disease (BRD) caused by the stress of transport leads to pneumonia.
What is shipping fever?
What are the different methods of identification for cattle?
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
What is mad cow disease?
What are the things that bring more money for cows at sales?
What are the things about calves that qualify them as preconditioned?
A $1/head fee on all cattle sold to fund research and promotion. Benefits include increased consumer demand.
What is the Beef Checkoff? And what are the benefits?
How many eggs and poultry do Americans eat each year?
How many eggs are produced in the U.S. each year?
1st
What rank is NC in Turkey’s?
4th
What rank is NC in broilers?
What is the role of the primary breeder in poultry?
What is the role of the breeder in poultry?
What is the role of the hatchery in poultry?
What is the role of the Grow-out in poultry?
What is the company and the farmer responsible for in a grow-out farm?