Israel Palestine All Terms flashcards

Theodor Herzl

Austro-Hungarian journalist and the founding father of modern political Zionism.

Zionism

A movement for the creation and support of a Jewish national state in Palestine.

Antisemitism

Prejudice, discrimination, or hostility against Jews.

Hussein-McMahon Letters

Exchanges between British High Commissioner Sir Henry McMahon and Sharif Hussein bin Ali during WWI, interpreted as promises of Arab independence.

Balfour Declaration

A 1917 British statement supporting the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.

Mandate System

Post-WWI system where the League of Nations entrusted former Ottoman lands to European powers.

Pogroms

Violent riots or attacks against Jews, especially in Eastern Europe.

Peel Commission

A British commission in 1936-1937 recommending partitioning Palestine due to irreconcilable conflict.

UN Resolution 181

A 1947 United Nations proposal to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states.

1st Arab-Israeli War

The 1948 conflict between Israel and Arab states after Israel’s declaration of independence.

War of Independence

Another name for the 1948 Arab-Israeli War from the Israeli perspective.

Nakba

Arabic term for 'catastrophe,' referring to the displacement of Palestinians during the 1948 war.

Refugees

People forced to flee their country due to war or persecution; refers to Palestinians from the 1948 war.

Six-Day War of 1967

A brief conflict where Israel captured territories including the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Preemptive

A military strategy involving an attack initiated in anticipation of a future threat.

PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)

A political and paramilitary organization founded in 1964 aiming for an independent Palestinian state.

Yom Kippur War

A 1973 conflict between Israel and Arab states during the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur.

Camp David Accords

A 1978 peace agreement between Egypt and Israel that led to Egypt recognizing Israel.

Land for Peace

A principle where Israel exchanges land for peace with Arab neighbors.

Intifada

Term meaning 'uprising,' referring to two major Palestinian uprisings against Israeli rule.

Fatah

A major Palestinian political organization founded by Yasser Arafat, part of the PLO.

Hamas

An Islamist militant organization controlling the Gaza Strip and opposing Israel.

Pan-Arabism

A political ideology advocating for the unity of Arab countries.

League of Arab States

An organization formed in 1945 to promote cooperation among Arab countries.

Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser, the president of Egypt known for his Pan-Arabism efforts.

United Arab Republic

A political union between Egypt and Syria from 1958 to 1961.

Suez Canal

A strategic waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.

UN 194

A 1948 UN resolution calling for the return of Palestinian refugees.

UN 242

A 1967 resolution calling for Israel’s withdrawal from occupied territories.

Oslo Accords

Agreements signed in 1993 aiming for a two-state solution.

Clinton Plan

A 2000 peace proposal by President Clinton to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Quartet Roadmap

A 2003 peace plan proposed by the US, EU, Russia, and UN for a two-state solution.

Arafat

Yasser Arafat, leader of the PLO and central figure in Palestinian politics.

Rabin

Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli prime minister who signed the Oslo Accords.

Two-state solution

A proposed resolution for creating independent Israeli and Palestinian states.

Right of return

Principle that Palestinian refugees should return to their homes in Israel.

Hezbollah

A Shiite militant group in Lebanon opposing Israel and engaging in attacks.

October 7, 2023

Date marking a major attack by Hamas on Israel.

Benjamin ‘Bibi’ Netanyahu

Prime minister of Israel known for his right-wing political stance.

Israeli settlements

Communities established by Israel in occupied territories, often considered illegal under international law.

Casualties/deaths

Individuals killed or injured in conflict.