sports med unit 3 nutrition

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in large amounts for energy

Micronutrients

Nutrients required in small amounts for growth and development

Vitamins

Organic compounds that regulate body processes

Minerals

Inorganic compounds that regulate body processes

Electrolytes

Minerals that carry electrical charges and help maintain fluid balance

Amino Acids

Building blocks of proteins

Triglycerides

The main form of fat in the body

Phospholipids

A type of fat that is a major component of cell membranes

Sterols

A type of fat found in animal products

Cholesterol

A type of sterol that is important for cell function

Glycemic Index

A measure of how quickly a food raises blood glucose levels

Simple Carbohydrates

Sugars that are quickly digested and raise blood glucose levels rapidly

Complex Carbohydrates

Starches and fibers that are slowly digested and provide sustained energy

Calories

Units of energy provided by food

Adenosine Triphosphate

The molecule that stores and releases energy in cells

Basal Metabolic Rate

The amount of energy expended at rest

Daily Caloric Need

The amount of energy required to maintain weight

Glucose

A simple sugar that is the primary source of energy for the body

Blood Glucose

The concentration of glucose in the bloodstream

Glycogen

A form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles

Monosaccharides

The simplest form of carbohydrates

Disaccharides

Carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharides

Oligosaccharides

Carbohydrates composed of a few monosaccharides

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates composed of many monosaccharides

Starch

A complex carbohydrate found in plants

Insulin

A hormone that regulates blood glucose levels

Nonessential Amino Acids

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body

Essential Amino Acids

Amino acids that must be obtained from the diet

Water Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in fat and are stored in the body

Diabetes Mellitus

A chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels

Saturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with no double bonds, usually solid at room temperature

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with one or more double bonds, usually liquid at room temperature

Gluten

A protein found in wheat, barley, and rye

Celiac's Disease

An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption

Vegan

A person who does not consume any animal products

Vegetarian

A person who does not consume meat but may consume other animal products

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging

Binge Eating Disorder

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive eating

Night Eating Disorder

An eating disorder characterized by eating excessive amounts of food at night

Anemia

A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin

endogenously

from inside the body

Exogenously

from outside the body