LEGAL

Tyranny

Arbitrary or despotic government; severe and autocratic exercise of sovereign power, either vested constitutionally in one ruler, or usurped by him breaking down division and distribution of government powers.

Arbitration

Dispute resolution process in which parties can engage an arbitrator to make a determination to resolve their dispute.

Prosecution

The government attorney charging and trying the case against a person accused of a crime.

Mediation

A way of resolving disputes between an independent person, known as mediator to assist the parties to identify and assess options and negotiate an agreement to resolve a dispute.

Plaintiff

The individual, organisation or corporation who /which applies to the court to start legal proceedings another person or person.

Criminal

A person accused of a crime is generally charged in a formal accusation called an indictment (for felonies /serious crimes) or information (for misdemeanours)

Charities from Cyberbullying issues

The Allanah and Madeline Foundation was founded in memory of 2 of the children victims of the massacre and this goes to protecting children from violence.

Precedent

Judge made laws that creates a common set of legal principles.

Responsibilities

The obligation to answer for an act done and to repair any injury it may cause.

who is responsible for law enforcement?

The AFP responsibilities include to enforce the Commonwealth law, contribute to the combating complex, transnational, serious and organised crime impacting Australia nationals security and to protect commonwealth interests in criminal activity in Australia and overseas.

Defendant

The party who is prosecuted.

technological issues

Facial recognition and cyberbullying are two forms of technological issues.

Anarchy

Absence of government.

security council (UN)

The security council is composed of representatives from fifteen member countries.

Terra Nullius

Terra Nullius is the law of recognising land that is legally deemed to be unoccupied or inhabited.

Original jurisdiction

The right of a court to hear a case for the first time.

Procedural fairness

The concept of fair and equal trial which promotes natural justice, transparency and equal allocation in resources when each side presents its case.

Rights

A moral or legal entitlement to have or do something.

Plenty of media attention

________- media impacts public opinion.

Procedural fairness

The concept of fair and equal trial which promotes natural justice, transparency and equal allocation in resources when each side presents its case

Prosecution

The government attorney charging and trying the case against a person accused of a crime

Defendant

The party who is prosecuted

Plaintiff

 The individual, organisation or corporation who/ which applies to the court to start legal proceedings another person or person

Judge

 Public official vested with the authority to hear, determine and preside over legal matters brought in a court of law

Precedent

 Judge made laws that creates a common set of legal principles

Anarchy

 Absence of government

Tyranny

 Arbitrary or despotic government; severe and autocratic exercise of sovereign power, either vested constitutionally in one ruler, or usurped by him breaking down division and distribution of government powers

Constitutional law

 Basic or fundamental law, whether statutory or common law, governing the legislative, executive and judicial functions of a state

Tort law

 The law concerned with private wrongs and breaches of rights

Appellate jurisdiction

 Appeals from the decisions of a single judge of the Federal court exercising the original jurisdiction of the court, either interlocutory/ final

Original jurisdiction

 The right of a court to hear a case for the first time

Rights

A moral or legal entitlement to have or do something e.g

Responsibilities

The obligation to answer for an act done and to repair any injury it may cause

Civil

In the local court, civil cases are disputes about money or property e.g unpaid bills, damages to motor vehicles or when a citizen/ corporation sued another citizen for not living up to contract in state court, however civil cases can also occur in federal court with the plaintiff and judge

For example, the federal government can sue hospitals for overbilling medicare and medicaid

violating federal statute

Criminal

 A person accused of a crime is generally charged in a formal accusation called an indictment (for felonies/ serious crimes) or information (for misdemeanours)

Civil

Claim > 28 days to respond > court prep/ process before hearing > hearing > hearing > judge decides

The main 5 permanent members include

US, UK, China, Russia and France

Mediation

A way of resolving disputes between an independent person, known as mediator to assist the parties to identify and assess options and negotiate an agreement to resolve a dispute

Arbitration

Dispute resolution process in which parties can engage an arbitrator to make a determination to resolve their dispute

"Dollys Law" is about a social media campaign that passed through parliament due to the huge impact of the media and public attention towards the case

where a young 14 year old schoolgirl Amy " Dolly" Everett took her own life in January 2018 due to cyberbullying

gun ownership became a privilege

not a right

semi

auto weapons must be controlled

Plenty of media attention

media impacts public opinion

tort law

common law actions for civil wrongs

constitutional law

the basic or fundamental law governing the functions of a state

civil cases

civil cases are between individual parties. civil law is about solving disputes.

referendum

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision.

common law

Common law is law that is derived from judicial decisions instead of from statutes.

adversarial system

relies on a two-sided structure of opponent sides ('adversaries') each presenting their own position, with an impartial judge or jury hearing each side and determining the truth in the case.

sovereignty

the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.

delegated legislation

legislation made by authority of an Act of Parliament.

who deals with murder charges and proves the guy guilty?

supreme court

merit test

the process to assess whether it is reasonable in all the circumstances to grant legal aid.

What is meant by judicial inquiry?

a formal legal investigation conducted into a matter of public concern by a judge, appointed by the government.

the division of powers derives from?

the constitution

what is a summary offence?

matters that are usually heard by a Magistrate in the Local Court. e.g. common assault.

example of private and tort law

car being left in neutral and hitting ice cream van.

non legal case of resolving disputes

protests, petitions or seeing local MP.
case: lange vs abc

legal way of resolving disputes

tribunals, courts and advantage of enforceability and binding.

cases/ evidence of technology issues

cyberbullying: dolly's law- dolling kmsing due to online bullying blah blah
facial recognition: Identity-matching services bill 2019 and Australians Passports Amendment (identity-matching services) bill 2019. source: guardian article

act?

a written law passed by Parliament, Congress, etc.

what is the high court?

highest judical body of Australia and deals with the constitution and validity of laws

commonwealth/ federal courts egs

high court, federal court.

state court egs

supreme courts, district court, local courts.

appellate jurisdiction

the right of a court to review a case that has already been heard and decided upon by a lower court.