#38. 1851-1900

distort

v. / to alter, twist, or mutate out of shape (usually negative) / ~을 뒤틀리게 하다/ ~을 왜곡하다 / The media report distorted the facts.

moribund

adj. / in terminal decline; lacking vitality or vigor / 쇠퇴하는 / The once-popular industry is now moribund.

desiccate

v. / to dry out / 건조시키다 / The intense heat desiccated the soil.

desiccated

adj. / dried up, dehydrated / 건조한/ 쥐어짠 / The desiccated plants needed water immediately.

malice

n. / a desire to cause harm to another person / 악의 / There was no malice in his actions.

hoist

v. / to raise (something), especially by using ropes or machinery / 들어올리다 / Workers hoisted the flag to the top of the pole.

cadence

n. / a rhythm, progression of sound / 운율/ 소리의 진행 / The poem's cadence made it pleasant to read aloud.

curmudgeon

n. / a difficult, bad-tempered person / 심술궂은 사람 / The old curmudgeon complained about everything.

largesse

n. / generosity in bestowing money or gifts / 후한 행위/ 후함/ 기부금 / The foundation distributed its largesse to local charities.

bona fide

adj. / sincere, done or made in good faith; authentic; genuine / 진실한/ 성의 있는 / She made a bona fide effort to improve.

demean

v. / to lower in character, status, or reputation / 위신을 떨어뜨리다 / Such remarks demean the dignity of others.

myriad

adj. / countless or extremely large in number / 무수한 / The internet provides myriad opportunities for learning.

carefree

adj. / cheerfully irresponsible; free of trouble and worry and care / 근심 걱정이 없는 / The children enjoyed a carefree summer.

provision

n. / things that are provided; articles mentioned in a contract or law / 제공된 것/ 법이나 계약서에 명시된 부분 / The agreement contains a provision regarding refunds.

provisional

adj. / not finalized; temporary / 잠정적인/ 임시의 / The committee reached a provisional decision.

ridicule

v. / to mock or humiliate / ~을 조롱하다/ ~을 비웃다 / Critics ridiculed the proposal.

forlorn

adj. / lonely, abandoned, hopeless / 외로운/ 절망적인 / The stray dog looked forlorn.

ballyhoo

n. / sensational advertising or promotion; uproar / 야단스럽고 저속한 선전/ 광고/ 소란 / The product launch generated a great deal of ballyhoo.

quaint

adj. / old-fashioned in an attractive way / (매력 있게) 진기한/ 예스러운 / We stayed in a quaint little village.

notorious

adj. / widely and unfavorably known / 악명 높은 / The city was notorious for its traffic congestion.

ambiguity

n. / uncertainty / 애매함 / The ambiguity of the statement caused confusion.

jollity

n. / lively and cheerful activity or celebration / 유쾌함/ 즐거움 / The festival was filled with jollity.

emend

v. / to correct or revise a written text / 수정하다/ 개정하다 / The editor emended several errors in the manuscript.

appeased

v. / to satisfy; to calm / 달래다 / The crowd was finally appeased after the announcement.

bauble

n. / a gaudy trinket; a small, inexpensive ornament / 값싸고 야한 것/ 자질구레한 장신구 / Tourists bought colorful baubles as souvenirs.

euphony

n. / pleasant sound, harmony / 우아한 소리 / The poet valued the euphony of language.

tempest

n. / a state of noisy confusion or disorder / 소란/ 폭풍 / The debate created a political tempest.

tyranny

n. / oppressive government or rule / 억압하는 정부 및 통치/ 독재 / Citizens struggled under tyranny.

transmute

v. / to change or alter in form / 변형하다/ 변화시키다 / The artist transmuted ordinary materials into art.

subsequent

adj. / following in time or order / 후속하는/ 뒤따르는 / Subsequent events proved him right.

subsequently

adv. / afterward; later on / 그 후에 / She moved abroad and subsequently started a business.

traitor

n. / a person who is not loyal to his or her own country, friends, etc. / 반역자 / The spy was labeled a traitor.

hinder

v. / to put at a disadvantage; to prevent progress or accomplishment / ~을 방해하다/ ~을 저지하다 / Lack of funding hindered the project.

recalcitrant

adj. / having an obstinately uncooperative attitude toward authority or discipline / 반항적인/ 다루기 어려운 / The recalcitrant student refused to follow instructions.

fanatic

n. / a person marked by excessive enthusiasm and often intense uncritical devotion / 광신자 / Sports fanatics filled the stadium.

engage

v. / to become involved; to begin interacting with / ~을 하다/ ~와 무언가를 시작하다 / Students were encouraged to engage in discussion.

tendency

n. / inclination or disposition toward something / 성향 / He has a tendency to procrastinate.

sarcasm

n. / irony; jokingly or bitingly saying the opposite of what is meant / 비꼼/ 풍자/ 비웃음 / Her comment was filled with sarcasm.

bivouac

n. / a temporary encampment, especially of soldiers / 야영 / The soldiers set up a bivouac for the night.

droll

adj. / curious or unusual in a way that provokes dry amusement / 우스운/ 익살스러운 / His droll sense of humor amused everyone.

well-positioned to

adj. / in an advantageous position for ~ / ~하기에 유리한 위치에 있는 / The company is well-positioned to expand internationally.

invidious

adj. / causing envy or resentment; offensively harmful / 비위에 거슬리는/ 질투심나게 하는/ 차별적인 / The comparison was invidious and unfair.

abstain

v. / to freely choose not to commit an action / 삼가다/ 자제하다 / Several members abstained from voting.

homily

n. / a sermon / 설교 / The priest delivered a brief homily.

prognosticate

v. / to foretell or predict future events or developments / 예언하다 / Analysts prognosticated strong economic growth.

self-made

adj. / having succeeded in life without help from others / 자기가 만든/ 자력으로 성공한 / He is a self-made entrepreneur.

finesse

n. / skillful maneuvering; subtlety; craftiness / 솜씨/ 교묘한 기교/ 술책 / She handled the negotiation with finesse.

lobby

v. / to urge legislative action; to exert influence / 의안의 통과를 촉구하다/ 영향을 미치다 / Advocacy groups lobbied for reform.

misleading

adj. / designed to deceive or mislead / 잘못 안내하는/ 잘못 인도하는 / The advertisement was misleading.

commiserate

v. / to express sorrow or sympathy for; to sympathize with / 가엾게 여기다/ 동정하다 / Friends gathered to commiserate with her after the loss.

junta

n. / a small group ruling a country after a coup d'etat / 군사정부 / The country was governed by a military junta.

retort

v. / to reply quickly and sharply in response to a comment or accusation / 날카로운 대답을 하다 / She retorted angrily to the criticism.

abnormal

adj. / not normal; not typical / 변칙적인/ 비정상의 / The test results were abnormal.