Unit 2: APUSH (1607-1754)

Describe the how the Spanish took wealth from the New World

Power: conquest(extract minerals through enslaved labor) and spread christianity

What is the encomienda system?

Government granted encomenderos lands and the indigenous people inhabiting that land was forced to work for protection

What is the Hacienda System?

Encomenderos owned the land and indigenous labors were not technically slaves, it was a debt-repayment system.

What caused the shift from encomienda to hacienda systems?

The introduction of New Laws, which attempted to curb encomendero’s power

Bartolome de las Casas

Spanish reform against the treatment of indigenous people, heavily influenced the New laws

Who was Don Juan de Onate?

• Established New Mexico

• Subdued Pueblo people

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

Led to the reestablishment of the Pueblo culture, but the Spanish came back soon after.

How did the French take wealth from the new world

Partnership: intermarrying to secure trade relationships and forming alliances

Who was Samuel de Champion

• Founded Quebec

  • growing wealth through fur trade

• de Champion negotiated alliances w/ Huron people against Haudenosaunee

What strategies did the Dutch employ to gain wealth

Henry Hudson founded New Amsterdam, which became a major trading post.

What was the English’s relationship with Natives

Partitian: Friendly/reliant at first then tensions over land led to war

Motivation for Britain to move to the New World

1. Economic Prosperity

2. Social Mobility

3. Religious Freedom

4. Improved living conditions

Britain’s colony of economic prosperity

Jamestown (1607) - group of young, single males with the intent of finding gold in the new world. Then moving on to the export of tobacco

Primogeniture Laws

only the eldest sons could inherit land, leading to many of the younger brothers to go to the new world to create their wealth

Explain how religious freedom was a motivation for European exploration of the New World

King Henry VIII declared Britain Protestant and him as the head of church, upholding the catholic popery

What is popery

The British Catholic church revolved around money, often electing church officials based off of money as well as selling for the forgiveness of sins

Puritans believed that the church could be…

reformed, that there was a way to fix the religous popery

Separatists believed that the church was…

hopeless and true protestant church could only be formed on its own

British settlement that was motivated by religious freedom?

Plymouth in 1920s

Two New England colonies

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay

Describe Plymouth

• New England Colonies

• Migrated as family groups

• Puritans looking for religious freedom

• Exported lumber, beaver fur, and fish

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• John Winthrop’s “City on a Hill” sermon

• all free, property owning men could vote

Roger Williams

• church doesn’t equal state and religious tolerance equals to a better society

• Banished from colonies and found Rhode Island colony

What did Anne Hutchinson believed…

that everyone had equal access to Holy Spirit inspiration

What colonies make up the Middle Colonies

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware

New York Colony

• trade through rivers and seaports

• rich valleys and soil = valuable grain export

Pennsylvania Colony (1661)

• William Penn and his quakers

• Emphasized individual religious experience, pacifism, and refused to support clergy with taxes

• Treated Natives with equitable diplomacy

House of Burgess

• Established in 1619 by the Virginia Company in Jamestown

• First elected legislative assembly in the American colony

What did John Rolfe do

Shift Jamestown’s focus from gold to tobacco