programming procedures and languages

Procedural programming 🟢

A programming paradigm is the way a language is used to achieve wanted outcome of code used in said language.

A program is divided into multiple sections called modules, subroutines, or block structures, and the aim is to improve clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program.

Objected Oriented Programming Language (OOPs) 🔴

OOPs is a way of writing code by organizing it around “objects”. Think of objects as self contained units that bundle together data and behavior.

Side note - class: acts as a blueprint or template for creating objects (instances). The class defines defines the structure, properties, and behaviors. Parent: the main class that other classes can inherit code from.

Encapsulation -

you bundle data into one CLASS, protect it, and control how it is changed. There are three levels of access, public, protected, and private.

Think of a car — you use the steering wheel and pedals without needing to know how the engine works manually

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Inheritance -

Lets one “class” acquire the properties and methods of another class. It’s how you avoid rewriting the same code over and over again - build it once in a “parent”, reuse it everywhere.

Use it when there’s a clear “is-a” relationship—a dog IS an animal, in order to eliminate repeated code across similar classes

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Polymorphism - “many forms”

Multiple classes acquiring properties from the parent class(one interface), and behaving in its own customized way(many behaviors).

Dog speak - woof

Cat speak - meow

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Abstraction - what you expose to users

Sets simple/natural rules that users must follow. This is done by hiding complex code from the user, all the user needs to do is follow simple controls/if not, it won’t work and they won’t know why.

Press gas pedal - car moves forward 🚗

Turn steering wheel - car turns

Press brake - car stops

Types of programming language - programming languages can be complied or interpreted 🟢

Compiler-based language

A compiler takes the entire program in one go

The compiler is faster to execute therefore it’s better for production work

C, C++, C#, Scala, and Java

Interpreter-based language

An interpreter takes a single line of code at a time

Best suited for software development

Python, Ruby, PHP, and perl

Programming concepts 🟡

Variables - a storage location and an associated name that contains a quantity or information, that is, a value.

Amount - int num - string name

In some programming languages it is important to specify the type of value that will be stored in the variable which is known as the data type

Control structures - controls the flow of the program structure. They direct the programs flow depending on a decision, causing it to jump from one line to another or re run a section of code.

If (age >=18)

“a person can vote”

else

“A person cannot vote”

Data structures

A way of storing and organizing data in a way that it can be used efficiently. Lists, dictionary, arrays, etc,

To store a list of contacts for 100 people, instead of creating 100 variables, a data structure like a list or array can be used to store these contacts.

Syntax

Dines a set of rules that specify the combinations of symbols that are correctly structured statements or expressions in that language in order to assign values to variables

String name = “Jack Ford”

Symbols, characters, and words in a programming language that have special meanings and rules to enable the compiler to understand the instructions.