Ancient Rome

Monarchy, Republic, Empire

Provide the correct chronological sequence of the three major eras of Roman History

7

what number indicates both the number of hills of Rome and the number of kings they claimed to have had

voting

which right did the plebians at the beginning of the Roman Republic have

Carthage

Hannibal, an enemy general who spent over 15 years waging war against the Romans and their allies in Italy during the Second Punic War, came from

poorer Romans having difficulty maintaining their farms because of extended military service

What societal ill did the Gracchi brothers attempt to address before being asassinated

Second Triumvirate

a group of three politicians who were voted legal power to govern

Julio- Claudians

the first dynasty of Roman emperors are

Pax Romana

peace

Vergil

the poet whose epic poem the Aeneid told the story of the journey of Aeneas, a survivor of Troy whose descendants became the Romans

Pompeii

the most extensive archaeological site of the Roman world, suddenly destroyed in 79AD

fairly large fertile plains

Po River Valley, Plain of Latium, reign of campania

Italy

a Pennisula, 750 miles in the Mediterranean

the Appennine Mountains

range forms a ridge running north to south

Cinncinatus

a simple farmer chosen as dictator, ruler to save Rome from attack, lead their army to victory, and then returned to his farm and resigned, Romans admired because his sense of duty, courage, disipline

plebians

common farmers, artisians, and merchants, mojority of the population can vote but cant hold office

patricians

wealthy landowners who held most power

octavian, Mark Anthony, and Lepidus

joined forces for the second Triumvirate

Pompey, Crassus, Caesar

joined forces for the First Triumvirate

Cleopatra VII

Antony allied himself to…

legion

5,000 soldiers

Julio-Claudians

(first Roman Dynasty) Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Craudius, Nero

5 good emperors

Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antanius Pius, Marcus Aurelius

developments

arch, dome, vault

consul

supported by his fellow trimvirs, Julius Caesar was elected to this office for the year 59 BCE

Sulla

he set a precedent by twiice marching on Rome with his army and putting to death political enemies

dictator

Cincinnatus, Sulla and Julius Caesar all held this position of absolute power

Marc Antony

he famously marries Cleopatra and is defeated by Octavian at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE

senate

many in this group of advisors with political experience feared the ambition of Caesar

Crassus

this wealthy Roman gave Caesar political support. He died after ivading Parthia

Julius Caesar

he became dictator for life and put in place a series of reforms before his assassination in 44 BCE

revered one

what does Augustus mean

calender

Julius Caesar reformed what in 1582