Reproductive System

What are gonads and their functions?

Gonads are the primary sex organs that produce gametes and secrete hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone.

What are the male and female gametes?

Male gametes are sperm and female gametes are eggs.

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis is for body cells and results in 42 chromosomes; meiosis is for sex cells (sperm, eggs) and results in 23 chromosomes each.

What is a zygote?

A zygote is a fertilized egg, formed when an egg and sperm combine.

How long does it take for a zygote to travel from the fallopian tube to the uterus?

It takes 7 days for a zygote to travel from the fallopian tube to the uterus.

What is HCG and its significance during pregnancy?

HCG is released after implantation and prevents the shedding of the endometrium.

What are the main functions of the testes?

produce sperm and testosterone.

Where are the ovaries located?

on either side of the uterus in the pelvic cavity.

What is the role of the fallopian tube?

connects the ovaries to the uterus and is where fertilization occurs.

What happens during ovulation?

a mature egg is released from the follicle in the ovary

What are the 4 key hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), and estrogen (E).

What occurs during the menstrual phase?

the endometrium detaches and exits the body, and all hormones are at their lowest.

What happens during the follicular phase?

FSH and LH increase, causing the follicle to mature and estrogen levels to rise, preparing the uterine lining.

What marks the beginning of the luteal phase?

starts after ovulation, increasing estrogen and progesterone levels.

What is the lifespan of eggs and sperm?

Eggs are usable for 12-24 hours, and sperm is usable for 12-48 hours.

Where and what is the Seminiferous tubule?

outside of the pelvic cavity, tightly coiled structures inside the testes that produce sperm

Where and what is the epididymis

outside of the pelvic cavity, where the sperm matures

Where and what is vas deferens

inside the pelvic cavity, connects the testes to the urethra

Where and what is urethra

inside the pelvic cavity, connects the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body

What does the prostate gland and, seminal vesicles secrete

seminal fluid (inside of the pelvic cavity)

What does the Fallopian tube do?

Connects the ovaries to the uterus, cite when fertilization occurs

Fertilization

Joining of the nuclei of the egg and sperm 

Uterus

Hollow organ located between the urinary bladder and the rectum, smooth muscle contracts to push the baby out 

Endometrium

The tissue that lines the uterus 

What day does ovulation occur?

14