CHAPTER 17 LIPIDS REAL STUFF

Are lipids defined by specific functional groups?

No they are defined by their solubility

Its a physical property solubility

What is the physical chracteristic that lipids depends on

Physical property: Solubility

What is a saturated fatty acid?

Fatty Acid with no carbon to carbon double bonds

What is a monounsatured fatty acid?

One carbon to carbon double bond

What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

Two or more carbon to carbon double bond

Are all lipids made of fatty acids?

No

What lipids are made of fatty acids?

Triglycerides (Body Fats/oils) and phospholipids, Waxes

What lipids are not made of fatty aicds

Sterioids (Cholesteral, estrogen, testosterone)

What are the two essential fatty acids?

Both are polyunsatured

Linoleic and a linolenic

Why are saturated fatty acids solid at room temperature?

The single bonds allow the carbons to be straight and stack together in a uniform manner allowing for solid at room temp

Why are unsaturated fatty acids liquid at room temperature

Double bonds causes fatty acids to form kinks stopping the molecule from ever being organized

Liquid at room temp

What are the compopnents of a wax and what is it linked by

Left side: Large Fatty acid, big hydrocarbon chain

RIght Side: Large alcohol

BOnded in the middle by a ester bond

What is the reaction that bonds together a wax molecule?

Dehydration Reaction

What are the special properties of waxes?

Waterproof barrier keeps water in keeps water out

What are triglycerides made of

3 fatty acids ester bonded to a GLyersol grou

To form this 3 h20 is produced and its connectyed by ester bonds

Whats the difference between a simple triglyceride and mixed triglyceride

Simple are rare, all the hanging chains are from the same atom

Mixed triglycerides are more common, the three chains are different from one another

When something is called a fat what does that mean

Solid at room temp

Made of satured fatty acids

When something is called oils what does that mean

Liquid at room temp

Unsatured, contains double bonds

What is saponification

Hydrolysis of fats and oils in the precsenece of a base

Its used to make soap

What is the procesess of sapoonification

Triglycerdide reacts with Base

Fatty Acids gets exposed

Base breaks the carboxyl ends of the fatty acids

Creates salt of fatty acids

What is a phospholipid bilayer

Contains two layers

The Hydrophilic layers are facing the outside

The hydrophobic layers are facing inside

What are the different types of lipids found in cell membranes

Phospholipids: Contains Phosphorus

Glycolipids: Contains Glycogen

Sphinolipids: Contains Sphinogosine

What is the structural component of steriods?

4 fused rings

What does aldoesterone do?

Regulates salt metabolism.

Tells kidney to retain sodium and excrete postaotiiuum

Kidney stuff urine stuff sodiuum sutff potatisum stuff.

What does cortisol do?

Stimulates conversion of proteins to carbohydrates

Waht does progesterone do

Regulate menstural cycle maintain pregancy

Waht does estrogen (Estradiol)) do

Female sex characterismiscs

What does testoerione do?

Stimulate male sex traits