IGCSE Chemistry: Inorganic Chemistry - Acids, Bases and Salts

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding acid-base chemistry, solubility of salts, and methods for preparing salts in inorganic chemistry.

What are the general solubility rules for sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts in water?

All sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble in water.

Which chlorides are insoluble in water?

Silver and lead chlorides are insoluble in water.

Which sulfates are insoluble in water?

Lead, barium, and calcium sulfates are insoluble in water.

What is the solubility of carbonates except for sodium, potassium and ammonium?

All other carbonates are insoluble in water.

Define acids in terms of proton transfer.

Acids are proton donors (H+).

Define bases in terms of proton transfer.

Bases are proton acceptors.

How can you describe the reaction of an acid with a base?

Acid + Base → Salt + Water.

What is the reaction of an acid with a metal?

Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen.

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide.

How do you determine the formula of the salt formed in a reaction?

Take the metal ion from the base and the anion from the acid, then balance the charges.

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

HCl.

What is the formula for sulfuric acid?

H2SO4.

What is the general reaction for H2SO4 with magnesium oxide?

H2SO4 + MgO → MgSO4 + H2O.

What does the reaction between HNO3 and NaOH produce?

HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O.

What is the outcome of the reaction 2HCl + 2Na?

2HCl + 2Na → 2NaCl + H2.

What steps are involved in preparing a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt from an insoluble reactant?

Add excess insoluble base to the acid, filter unreacted base, heat to evaporate water.

What is the process to prepare a soluble salt from an acid and an alkali?

Use titration to find the precise volume, mix exact volumes of acid and base, and heat to evaporate.

What is the procedure for preparing an insoluble salt from two soluble reactants?

Mix two soluble reactant solutions, filter the mixture, wash the salt with distilled water, dry the salt.

What is the practical method to prepare hydrated copper (II) sulfate from copper (II) oxide?

Follow the steps from preparing a soluble salt starting with excess copper oxide.

What method is used to prepare pure lead (II) sulfate?

Follow the steps for preparing an insoluble salt from two soluble reactants.

What type of bases are alkalis?

Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water.

Provide an example of ammonia acting as a base.

HCl + NH3 → NH4Cl.

What is the solubility of all nitrates?

All nitrates are soluble in water.

What happens to an insoluble salt when mixed with two soluble reactants?

The insoluble salt will precipitate and remain on the filter paper.

How can you ensure that all acid is neutralized in a titration?

By measuring the exact volume of the alkali that reacts with the acid.

What is produced when a soluble salt is prepared from an alkali?

A pure, dry sample of salt is formed after evaporation.

What should you do after filtering an insoluble salt?

Wash the salt with distilled water and leave it to dry.