World War I Alliances and Militarism

"Militarism"

"The belief that a country should build up a strong military and be prepared to use force."

"Triple Alliance"

"An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed before World War I."

"Kaiser Wilhelm II"

"The ruler of Germany during World War I who supported militarism and aggressive foreign policies."

"Triple Entente"

"An alliance between France, Russia, and the United Kingdom before World War I."

"Central Powers"

"The group led by Germany and Austria-Hungary during World War I."

"Allies"

"The nations fighting against the Central Powers in World War I, mainly France, United Kingdom, Russia, and later the United States."

"Western Front"

"The main battle area in western Europe between Germany and the Allied forces, known for brutal trench warfare."

"Schlieffen Plan"

"Germany’s military plan to quickly defeat France before fighting Russia."

"Trench Warfare"

"A type of fighting where soldiers fought from deep trenches dug into the ground."

"Eastern Front"

"The battle area in eastern Europe between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia."

"Unrestricted Submarine Warfare"

"A policy where Germany used submarines to sink any ships without warning."

"Total War"

"A type of war in which countries devote all resources and civilians to supporting the war effort."

"Rationing"

"Government limits on food and goods during wartime to ensure supplies lasted for soldiers and civilians."

"Propaganda"

"Information and messages used by governments to influence people’s opinions and gain support for the war."

"Coalition Government"

"A government formed by multiple political parties working together, usually because no single party has enough power to rule alone."

"Weimar Republic"

"Germany’s democratic government created after World War I, lasting from 1919–1933."

"Great Depression"

"A worldwide economic crisis that began in 1929 after the stock market crash."

"Recession"

"A period when the economy slows down, businesses lose money, and unemployment increases."

"Franklin Delano Roosevelt"

"The 32nd president of the United States, who served from 1933–1945."

"New Deal"

"A series of programs and reforms created by Roosevelt to fight the Great Depression."

"John Keynes"

"A British economist who believed in government intervention to manage economic cycles."

"Keynesian Economics"

"Economic theories developed by John Maynard Keynes, advocating for government intervention to manage economic downturns."

"Fascism"

"A political system characterized by strong dictatorial power, extreme nationalism, and limited personal freedoms."

"Benito Mussolini"

"The dictator of Italy and founder of fascism, ruling from 1922 to 1943."

"Adolf Hitler"

"The leader of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, known for establishing a totalitarian regime and initiating World War II."

"Nazism"

"The political ideology of Hitler and the Nazi Party, combining fascism, racism, antisemitism, and extreme nationalism."

"Mein Kampf"

"A book by Adolf Hitler, meaning 'My Struggle,' outlining his beliefs and the foundation of Nazi ideology."

"Lebensraum"

"A German term meaning 'living space,' used by Hitler to justify territorial expansion."

"Hirohito"

"The Emperor of Japan during World War II, serving as a symbolic leader during Japan's expansion."

"Appeasement"

"The policy of conceding to aggressive demands to prevent conflict, notably used by European leaders towards Hitler."

"Axis Powers"

"The alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II, opposing the Allied Powers."

"Francisco Franco"

"Dictator of Spain after the Spanish Civil War."

"Isolationism"

"A policy of avoiding involvement in other countries’ conflicts or alliances."

"Third Reich"

"The name Nazi Germany used for Hitler’s government from 1933–1945."

"Munich Conference"

"A 1938 meeting where Britain and France allowed Hitler to take part of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland."

"Fascism"

"A political ideology that emphasizes authoritarian nationalism and often involves dictatorial power."

"Appeasement"

"The policy of making concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid conflict."

"Spanish Civil War"

"A conflict in Spain from 1936 to 1939 between Republicans and Nationalists led by Franco."

"Hitler"

"Leader of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945, known for initiating World War II."

"World War II"

"A global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 involving most of the world's nations."

"Holocaust"

"The genocide of six million Jews and millions of others by the Nazi regime during World War II."