Mod 2

Sumerians

Used written rules and regulations for governance.

Egyptians

Employed management practices to construct pyramids.

Babylonians

Utilized an extensive set of laws and policies for governance.

Greeks

Implemented different governing systems for cities and states.

Romans

Established an organized structure for communication and control.

Chinese

Developed extensive organizational structures for government agencies and the arts.

Venetians

Applied organization design and planning concepts to control the seas.

Adam Smith

Scottish philosopher known as the Father of Modern economics; authored "The Wealth of Nations."

Robert Owen

Welsh industrialist who emphasized the welfare of workers and humane treatment.

Charles Babbage

English mathematician known as the Father of Computing; focused on production efficiencies.

Industrial Revolution

Marked by steam engines, mass production, and the rise of digital technology.

Classical Management Perspective

Focused on workers' physical and economic needs.

Scientific Management

Aimed at improving individual worker performance and efficiency.

General Administrative Management

Concentrated on managing the total organization rather than individuals.

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Father of scientific management; defined the "one best way" for job performance.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Advocates of Scientific Management; pioneers of Time and Motion Study. Developed techniques and strategies for elimination efficiency

Henri Fayol

Identified key management functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Max Weber

Developed the Theory of Bureaucracy emphasizing rational guidelines for structuring organizations.

Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management

Guidelines for effective management practices.

Quantitative Management

Focuses on decision-making and mathematical models to solve problems.

Behavioral Management Perspective

Emphasizes social context and interpersonal dynamics in the workplace.

Hugo Munsterberg

Phycological traits are required for ant job and using mental test to identify suitable workers

Hawthorne Studies

Demonstrated the importance of social factors in employee productivity.

Abraham Maslow

Proposed a hierarchy of needs motivating employee behavior.

Douglas McGregor

Developed Theory X and Theory Y regarding managerial beliefs about people.

Henry Mintzberg

Canadian academic known for his work on management roles.

Dr William Ouchi

Popularized Theory Z, focusing on employee loyalty and well-being.

Organizational Behavior (OB)

Study of human interactions within organizations and their impact on performance.

Systems Approach

Advocates viewing business problems as part of a whole with interrelated subsystems.

System

collection of elements that are interrelated and interdependent arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole

subsystem

sees all department as contributing factors for the overall organization

Synergy

Concept that subsystems working together are more effective than working alone.

Entropy

Decline of an organizational system due to failure to adapt to environmental changes.

Contingency Perspective

Suggests that managerial behavior depends on the unique situation of each organization.

Universal Perspectives

Attempt to identify a "one best way" to manage organizations.

Contemporary Management Issues

Include globalization, workforce diversity, ethics, and technology impacts.

Closed Systems

Do not interact with their environment; all inputs and outputs are internal.

Open Systems

Dynamically interact with their environment, transforming inputs into outputs.

Theory X Assumption

people have little ambition

Theory Y Assumption

People do not naturally dislike work; internally motivated and committed to achieve goals. both seek and accept responsibilities

Theory Z Assumptions

focuses on increasing employee loyalty to the company; focuses on wellbeing of the employee

Operations Management

practical application of management science to efficiently manage the production and distribution of products and services