Social 14-15

How many immigrants does Canada average a year?

240,000-250,000

What did Japan do in the 1500s?

They welcomed immigrants.

What changed in Japan in the 1800s?

The did not welcome imagrants.

Why did the shogun not like European weapons?

It was a threat to the shoguns authority.

Why did the shogun not like the Catholic Church?

It was a threat to his authority.

In 1614, what happened to the missionaries?

Told to leave Japan.

What happened to the Japanese Christians?

They were excecuted.

Who followed orders, and who didn’t?

The daimyo followed the shogun, the ronin and peasants did not.

How did missionaries continue to come into Japan.

Disguising as traders.

What happened in result of missionaries sneaking back into Japan?

Shogun passes isolation laws, and the penalty for breaking them was death.

What does the exclusion laws state about Christian missionaries, foreign traders, and newcomers?

They were forced to leave Japan and newcomers were not allowed to enter.

What does the exclusion laws state about the Japanese people?

They were not aloud to go abroad, and those who where were not allowed back into Japan.

What does the exclusion laws state about large ships?

Ships big enough to make a long voyage were not able to be made, and those existing were destroyed.

What does the exclusion laws state about foreign objects, such as Christian messages and scientific books?

All foreign books containing a Christian message were banned and scientific books were forbidden.

What did the shogun do besides add exclusion laws?

He tightened controls on movement within Japan.

What is one way the shogun tightened controls in Japan?

People needed to get special documents to travel.

What is the other 2 ways the shogun tightened controls in Japan?

A curfew was added to keep people from moving around at night, and wheeled transport was banned.

What did the shogun do in the 1600s?

He banned Portuguese ships, and expelled all foreigners besides Dutch, Korean, and Chinese traders.

What did the shogun do to the Dutch?

He made them only be allowed on a small island in the harbour of the city of Nagasaki.

What was the shoguns opinion on the isolation policy?

He thought it was essential for national security, and that it was the only way to eliminate possible threats to his power and protect the Japanese culture.

Why did the shogun let Dutch traders remain in Japan while all the other Europeans were expelled?

He thought they were less threatening because they were interested in trade, not religion.

What rules did the shogun put on the Dutch traders?

There families were not allowed to join them, and they had to go to Edo once a year for 3 months to pay respects to the shogun.

What did the shogun do to a small amount of Japanese scholars?

He made them learn about Dutch medicine and their language. They were now called Dutch scholars and were made to learn about the western ways.

What did the shogun do in the 1700s?

He allowed importation of some of the European books, and built a observatory to encourage study of astronomy.

What did Japan do while all this change was happening?

Japan maintained its feudal system. The economy was tied to agriculture, and the social classes were rigid and unchanging. The shogun wanted to prove that his rule and Japan was strong.

What were things that were important to the Japanese?

Peace, safety, security, harmony, respect, opportunities for personal expression and enjoyment of the arts, sports and crafts.

What was the cost of peace and security in Japan?

Life was controlled by rigid rules, and people could not move from the social classes of their birth and were not encouraged to think for themselves. Little freedom of expression.

What kind of behaviour did the social controls and harsh punishments under the Tokugawa shogunate discourage?

Crime and violence.

How did framers increase production?

They increased production by irrigating and growing two crops on the same peice of land during one growing season.

What was the new currency in Japan?

Silver and gold coins.

What held the Japanese economy back?

Little foreign trade, overtaxing of peasants, and the continued use of rice for payment in most transactions held the economy back.

What was a result of the peace and prosperity in Edo?

The arts and culture were able to flourish.

What were the floating worlds?

They were where cultural activities took place, and the Tokugawa society were more relaxed.

What did the shogun do and think about the floating worlds?

He tried to end the kabuki theatre and discouraged the samurai’s from wasting their money and time.

What did the authorities do instead of shut the floating worlds down?

The kept a heavy surveillance on the entertainment districts.

Who was Randald MacDonald?

He was Métis. He wanted to visit Japan because of his closeness to his Chinook ancestry and the Japanese. He dreamed of becoming a interpreter and teacher.

What did the Japanese officials realize, and do when they met Ranald MacDonald?

He’s ability to speak English would be beneficial, so they gave him a job to teach English to a group of 14 interpreters.

What happened to the merchants at the end of the Edo period?

Gained wealth and power due to more people needing their services. They were in charge of storing rice and converting it to money.

What happened in the late 1700s to early 1800s to Japan?

Struck by many natural disasters that created famines and killed many people. 1/3 of the population died. Land was deserted as peasants fled into cities, where they found no work. Rice price rose due to it becoming more scarce. City dwellers rioted over increase in prices and attacked wealthy homes. Many people thought the shoguns responses were not affective.

What happened in the early 1800s?

Several nations were asking to trade with Japan or coal for their ships.

What was the No Second Thought Expulsion Order?

If a foreign ship is spotted on their coast, they have to shoot them off, and capture them if they get to shore. If the mother ship comes, they have to destroy it.

Why did the United States have an interest in Japan?

Their geography and economics.

What did Commodore Perry want when he arrived in Edo Japan?

He wanted them to sign a treaty that allowed the Americans to trade with them, Perry took for shipwrecked American sailors, and right to buy coal for ships.

What was the Treaty of Kanagawa?

It opened up two ports to the Americans, excepted the demands of shipwrecked sailors and to be able to buy coal. A further treaty giving more trading rights was signed for the Americans not long after. And Japan signed similar treaties with other countries.

What were many Japanese people’s opinions about these treaties?

They did not like it and they felt they had lost control over trade. They called them “unequal treaties”.

Why did the Japanese finally open up trade after 100 years?

The Americans had weapons that were far more advanced than their own, and they didn’t want to bring on a war they could loose. They also didn’t want to become “another china”.

What was the Opium War?

It was a war that was a result of trade between China and Britain. Britain supported the trade of opium (a drug) from Indians, and when China tried to ban it, Britain came and attacked them, and make them sign “unequal treaties” to open them back to trading.

What was the result of Perry’s arrival?

There was a loss of respect for the shogunate and an uprising against its officials. They thought the treaties were proof the shogun was weak.

What happened to those who did not like the shogun or each other?

They rioted and acted with violence on the streets instead of at council chambers.

What happened to the daimyo who opposed the shogun?

They were retired or put under arrest, and their Sammurai were imprisoned or excecuted.

What happened in 1868?

The shogun resigned, and petitioned for the emperor to take over.

What happened to the samurai who caught to defeat the shogunate?

They became the emperors advisors and this created an oligarchy. They started to rule the country.

What were the Meji leaders two goals?

Create a strong central government, and create a more western government.

What did the Meji leaders encourage the daimyo to do to increase the emporers power?

Turn over their lands to state, even though their lands always belonged to the emperor.

What did the Charter Oath do for the Commoners and Peasants?

Allowed the commoners to choose were they would live and occupation as well as last names were allowed. Peasants were the rightful owners of their land, and end discrimination against outcasts.

What was a downside to the Meji period?

Land taxes were so high that peasant farmers had to share crops and had to pay rent even when crops failed. People also could not be able to afford education for school.

What was the Industrial Revolution in the West?

Machines started being invented and factories were built so they was a big drastic change.

What happened to Japan after the Industrial Revolution?

They were fascinated by the machines and factories and the outsiders came and helped them build the factories and machines. Japanese representatives went and studied the outsiders to learn how to govern Japan.