ESKAPE Pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to ESKAPE pathogens, specifically focusing on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii.

ESKAPE Pathogens

A group of six major bacterial pathogens associated with healthcare-related infections and high antimicrobial resistance.

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A gram-negative bacillus that is encapsulated and non-motile, part of a species complex known for causing opportunistic infections.

Acinetobacter baumannii

A gram-negative bacillus known for its resistance to antimicrobials and ability to cause severe infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

The ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of medications that once effectively treated the infections they cause.

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)

Infections acquired in a healthcare setting, often due to pathogens like ESKAPE organisms.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP)

A strain of K. pneumoniae that can cause severe infections in healthy individuals and is characterized by its increased virulence.

Biofilm

A complex aggregation of microorganisms adhering to surfaces, often contributing to antimicrobial resistance.

Capsule

A polysaccharide layer produced by bacteria, crucial for virulence as it protects against immune responses and helps establish infection.

Siderophores

Molecules secreted by bacteria to bind and transport iron, playing a key role in virulence.

Fimbriae

Hair-like structures on bacteria that facilitate adherence to host cells and biofilm formation.