APCG chap 1-3

Comparative politics

The study of similarities and differences between states how different government systems operate and why political changes occur

comparative method

Examining the same phenomenon in several cases in reaching conclusions

Causation

When I change in one variable precipitate a change in another variable

Correlation

And aparent connection between variables

normative statement

A valued judgment, usually in the form of a should or ought statement

Quantitative data

Observations made using statistical techniques which are often conveying, chart, graphs tables, and maps

Qualitative data

Text base descriptions, including explanations of our government and political institutions function

Source analysis

Reading and analyzing text

Human development index

And a great measure of life, expectancy, education, and per capita income

Gross domestic product

The total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year

GDP per capita

Gross domestic product divided by population

GDP growth rate

The percentage of GDP growth over a period of time

Genie index coefficient

A measure of income inequality within a country

Freedom house

A non-governmental organization that advocates for democracy and human rights and measures freedom across the world

Democratic consolidation

The process by which of regime has developed stable, democratic institutions and significant protections of civil liberties, and is unlikely to revert to authoritarianism

Corruption

The abuse of official power for personal gain

Corruption perceptions index

The measure of how corrupt the system is believed to be

Strong state

A state that is capable of providing necessary government services to it citizens

Failed state

A state that has lost control over a part of its territory

Fragile state index

A measure of state strength, highlighting concerns about a fragile or field states

State

Political institutions with international recognition that govern a population in a territory

Government

Institutions and individuals such as the executive legislative and judiciary and bureaucracy that make legally binding decisions for the state and then have the waffle right to use powers to enforce those decisions

Bureaucracy

A set of appointed officials in government workers who carry out policies

sovereignty

The states ability to act without internal or external interference

International recognition

A formal step taken by a state grant official status to another state and begin treating it as a member of the global community

Regime

A type of government such as a liberal democracy or authoritarian

Regime change

A change in the fundamental rules and systems of the government

Coupe de etat

An overthrow of government by a small number of people often military leaders

Revolution

And overthrow of a regime based on widespread popular support

change in the government

A change in leaders without fundamental changes in the system of government

Nation

A group of people who share a sense of belonging and who often have a common language, culture, religion rate, ethnicity political identity, or a senator traditions and aspirations

nationalism

When a group has a strong sense of identity and believes it has its own destiny

Liberal democracy

System with free and fair elections in which a wide array of civil rights and liberty is protected

authoritarian state

A system without free and fair elections in which civil rights and liberty are restricted

Totalitarian state

A type of authoritarian government where the state control is nearly all aspects of the citizens lives

ilLiberal flawed or hybrid democracy

A system in which elections may be marked by fraud in the state, protects some civil rights and liberties, but restrict others

Rule of law

A clear set of rules were government officials are subject to the same laws and penalties as citizen

rule by law

Where the government is applied, arbitrarily and government officials are not subject to the same rules and penalties as citizens

Transparency

The ability of citizens to know what their government is doing

Democratization

The process of transitioning from an authoritarian to a democratic regime

democratic consolidation

The process by which of regime has developed stable, democratic institutions and significant protections of civil liberties, and is unlikely to revert to authoritarianism

Democratic backsliding

Declining the quality of democracy, including a decrease in citizen, participation, rule of law, transparency, and accountability

Power

The ability to make someone do something they would not otherwise to

Authority

The legitimate power state has over people within its ter

Theocracy

A system based on religious role

Coercion

The use of force or the threat of force to get someone to do something they would not otherwise do

Legitimacy

The citizens belief that the government has the right to rule

political efficacy

A citizen's belief that his her actions can impact the government

Traditional legitimacy

The right to role based on a society's long-standing patterns and practices

Charismatically legacy

The right to rule based on personal value, heroism and other extraordinary characteristics

Rational, legal legitimacy

The right to rule based on an accepted set of loss

Unitary system

A political system in which the central government has sole constitutional sovereignty and power

Federal system

A political system in which states power is legally and constitutionally divided among more than one level of government

Devotion

Granted powers by the central government to regional government

Patronism clientelism

When those empower often offer benefits of citizens in exchange for political support

Head of state

The symbolic representative of a country

Head of government

The key executive in the policymaking process

Cabinet head and official appointment to run a government department with a specific policy area

Cabinet head

Tino sextino

The single six year term for the Mexican president

non-governmental organization

A nonprofit group outside the government control

Bicameral

A legislature with two chambers

chamber of deputies

The elected lower house of the Mexican Congress, which has the power to pass legislation, Levi taxes and approve the budget and certified elections

Lower house

The legislative body in a bicameral system that typically has more members of shorter terms and less prestige in the upper house, but it may be the more powerful body in the legislature

Send it

The elected upper House of the Mexican Congress, which has the power to confirm appointments, ratified treaties, and approved federal interventions in the state

upper House

The legislative body in a bicameral system that has typically has fewer members and may have more prestige but less power than lower house

Civil society

Groups that form outside the government's control

Mandate

The broad support of the people to carry out proposed policies

Mixed electoral system

The system for lighting members of the legislature that includes both single member districts and seats awarded the proportional representation

Single member priority system SMD

A system of which of the candidate who owns the most votes in a district win a seat in the legislature

Proportional representation system

A system in which seats in the legislature are awarded according to the percentage of votes a party receives

Corporation

Assistant in which the state control controls interest groups and chooses the ones that wishes to recognize

Peak association

An organization authorized by the government to represent a group such as labor, business or agriculture

Pluralism

A system in which groups are allowed to form an advocate for their interests outside of government control

Political culture

A set of collectively held attitudes, values and belief about government and policies and the norms of behavior in political systems

Civil liberties

Fundamental rights and freedom is protected by an infringement by the government

Civil right

Protections guaranteed by the government to prevent people from being discriminated against when engaging in fundamental political action, such as voting

So she cleavage

A division society among social faction, such as ethnic class, religious or language

Political cleavage

A division among citizens according to political beliefs

Economic liberalization

Economic policies, that support the free market and reduced trade barriers

Globalization

The increase in interconnection of people states and economies

Protection stick economic policies

Policies designed to protect domestic industry, and produce full influence

Nationalized industry

A state of company controlled by the government

Importance substitution, industrialization

And acting high tariffs and providing incentives to encourage the growth of domestic manufacturing

Prioritization

When a government transfers ownership and control of the nationalized industry to a private sector