U.S. History 1 Final Review

Seven Years War

• War fought between Britain and France

  • Britain won, but was left in debt

  • Prompted taxes on the colonists

  • Led to “no taxation without representation”

Founding Principles of the United States

• John Locke’s natural rights

  • Life, Liberty, and Property

Tyranny

• When a government abuses their power to control people

  • The British Government was a tyrant over the colonies.

Territorial Disputes

• Proclamation of 1763

  • Britain prevented colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

    • Maintain good relations with Native Americans

  • Colonists wanted to use the land obtained in the 7 years war from the French

    • Colonists felt that their rights and opportunities were being restricted

Louisiana Purchase

• Nearly doubled the size of the United States

• Expanded westward from Louisiana through the majority of the Midwest

• Cost $15 Million

Manifest Destiny

• Americans have the right to spread their religion and culture throughout all of North America

Treatment of Native Groups

• Natives were constantly forced out of their land, and had to move westward

• Indian Removal Act

  • Andrew Jackson

  • Trail of Tears

    • About 15 thousand Native Americans died

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri joined the Union as a slave state

• Maine separated from Massachusetts and joined the Union as a free state

• States north of 36° and 30 minutes would be free states, while those south of the line would be slave states

Compromise of 1850

• California could join the Union as a free state

• Utah / New Mexico got popular sovereignty

Fugitive Slave Act

• Escaped slaves must be returned

  • Helping slaves escape was a felony

• Slaves were denied the right to a jury.

Abolitionist Movements

• Abolitionists were people who wanted slavery to end

• Used speeches, writings, and activism to fight slavery

Seneca Falls Convention

Convention created around the idea of women’s suffrage (voting rights)

Freedman’s Bureau

Institution created to help freed slaves navigate life

Black Codes

Laws that limited the rights of freed slaves following the Civil War

Jim Crow

• Laws that created long-lasting segregation

• Divided black and white Americans

Discriminatory Voting Practices

• Literacy Tests

• Poll Taxes

• Grandfather Clauses

• Systems intended to prevent African Americans from voting

13th Amendment

Abolish Slavery

14th Amendment

• Birthright Citizenship

• Equal Protections

• Due Process

15th Amendment

Voting can’t be denied based on race

Labor Unions

• Created better wages and working conditions

  • Shorter workdays

• Union strikes became a common occurrence

  • Some were violent

Immigration

• Many immigrants came from Europe

• Led to nativism and anti-immigrant ideals to rise

• Chinese immigrants were prevented from entering the United States

Reforms

• Food and Drug Safety Laws

• Women’s Suffrage

• Child Labor Reforms

• Workplace Reforms

Political Machines

• Organizations that used corruption to maintain power

  • People like Boss Tweed would pay people to vote for them, so they could stay in power

Andrew Carnegie

Rich people have the duty to give back to society

John D. Rockefeller

Owned Standard Oil, which had a monopoly on oil refining

Jane Addams

• Founded a settlement house called the Hull House

  • Helped immigrants in Chicago

19th Amendment

Women’s Suffrage

Anti-Imperialist League

• Opposed U.S. expansion and the United States’ possession of overseas colonies

• Argued that imperialism violated America’s democratic principles

Monroe Doctrine

Stated that the Western Hemisphere was closed to European colonization

Intervention

The United States became more involved with foreign affairs and conflicts

Isolationism

The idea that the United States to avoid foreign conflicts

Nationalism

Pride in America’s power and achievements

Exceptionalism

Belief that the Untied States had a mission to spread democracy and help civilize people worldwide

Military Impacts of Imperialism

Stronger navy and overseas bases

Economic Impacts of Imperialism

New trade opportunities and markets created abroad

Political Impacts of Imperialism

The U.S. had greater influence in world affairs

Social Impacts of Imperialism

Increased debates over race, imperialism, and citizenship within the United States

Spanish-American War Outcomes

• U.S. gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines

• Cuba became mostly independent

Spanish-American War Impacts

• The U.S. transitioned into a world power

• American imperialism expanded overseas

  • Debates over American imperialism caused divide

Dollar Diplomacy

• Created by Taft

• Invest in foreign nations to gain influence over them

Moral Diplomacy

• Created by Wilson

• Support other democratic nations

Big Stick Dimplomacy

• Created by Roosevelt

• Work with other nations

• Be ready to use force when needed

Muckrakers

Journalists, writers, and reformers who investigated and exposed social problems, corruption, and abuses in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

“How the other half lived”

Book about the life of immigrants