APCSP QUESTIONS 8

What base is the binary number system?

Base 2

In binary, what does 1010 equal in decimal?

10

What is the binary for decimal 5?

101

Which bit has the highest value in 1001?

The leftmost bit

What happens when binary exceeds the maximum bit value (overflow)?

It cannot represent larger numbers without more bits

1111 in binary equals:

15

How many bits are in a nibble?

4

Binary is used in computers because:

It reflects on/off states of hardware

In binary addition, 1 + 1 equals:

10

A byte contains:

8 bits

ASCII is used to encode:

Text characters

How many bits are typically used in standard ASCII?

7

The binary for uppercase 'A' (ASCII) is:

1000001

Encoding text into binary allows computers to:

Store and transmit characters

Morse code is an example of:

Symbolic encoding

Which binary string could represent a letter?

01000001

What is the main purpose of encoding schemes?

Map information to binary representations

Which encoding deals with binary to characters?

Text encoding

If a custom encoding assigns 0001 to 'A', what could 0010 represent?

Another character

Encoding text to binary allows computers to:

Communicate text digitally

A pixel is:

A single point in an image

Images are made of:

Pixels arranged in a grid

Higher resolution means:

More pixels per area

In pixel images, color is represented by:

Binary codes

Each pixel can store:

Color information in bits

A black and white image uses:

1 bit per pixel

Pixel grids are described by:

Rows and columns

Larger images generally have:

More pixels

Pixel brightness is controlled by:

Numeric value of bits

Pixel representation in Python might use:

Lists of values

Hexadecimal is base:

16

In hex, A equals:

10

The hex digit F equals:

15

Hex is useful because:

Compact representation of binary

FF in hex equals:

255

Hex is often used to represent:

Colors

The hex value 1A equals decimal:

26

Hex uses how many symbols?

16

Hex digit 0x10 represents:

16

Hex helps programmers read:

Large binary values

RGB stands for:

Red Green Blue

In RGB, white is:

(255,255,255)

Black in RGB is:

(0,0,0)

A pixel color in Python might be stored as:

Tuple of RGB values

Increasing the red value makes a pixel:

Redder

RGB values range from:

0–255

RGB is a way to represent:

Color intensity

Hex colors e.g. #FF0000 represent:

Red

Converting RGB to hex increases:

Readability

Python functions for images might use:

Hex strings

Image manipulation changes:

Pixel values

Brightness adjustment typically:

Alters RGB values

A filter can:

Modify image appearance

To flip an image horizontally, you change:

Pixel positions

In Python, an image might be represented as:

List of lists of pixel data

Pixel manipulation often requires:

Nested loops

A grayscale filter typically:

Averages RGB values

Increasing contrast changes:

Difference between high and low values

Cropping an image removes:

Pixels outside a region

Image manipulation programs often use:

Loops and functions

Data compression:

Reduces file size

Lossless compression:

Retains all original data

Lossy compression:

Some data is lost to reduce size

An example of compression is:

Removing repeated patterns

Compression is useful because it:

Saves storage and bandwidth

A zip file uses:

Lossless compression

In images, JPEG uses:

Lossy

PNG uses:

Lossless

Smaller file size often means:

Less detail (in lossy)

Compression can:

Be reversible or irreversible

Cryptography is the study of:

Securing information

Encryption means:

Encoding data to hide meaning

Decryption is:

Reversing encryption

A key in cryptography is used to:

Encrypt/decrypt data

Caesar cipher is:

Simple substitution cipher

Cryptography helps with:

Privacy and security

Strong keys are:

Hard to guess

Cryptography in Python might use:

Algorithms for substitution

Encryption makes data:

Harder to understand without key

Public key cryptography uses:

Two keys (public/private)

Digital information refers to:

Data represented as bits

A binary encoding scheme maps:

Information to bit patterns

Color depth refers to:

Bits used per pixel

ASCII encodes:

Letters and symbols

Image resolution affects:

Picture clarity

Hexadecimal is often preceded by:

0x and #

Increasing compression ratio:

Reduces file size more

Lossy compression is acceptable for:

Images and audio

Cryptography protects data from:

Unauthorized access

Pixel manipulation might involve:

Changing RGB values

Which is a form of lossless compression?

ZIP

Which encoding maps letters to numeric codes?

ASCII

In hex, 2F equals decimal:

47

When encrypting text, a cipher changes:

Characters

Digital images use bits to represent:

Pixel color and brightness

Binary to hex conversion:

Makes binary easier to read

A substitution cipher:

Replaces characters systematically

Pixel images are stored as:

Arrays/lists of pixel data

Digital information includes:

Text, Images, and Colors

A pixel’s color stored as (0,128,255) means:

RGB values