lab2: puerperal period- displaced abomasum and ketosis

cause

not clear

Accepted causes are:

Excessive amount of concentrates after calving

Not enough fiber in fodder

Free space in abdominal cavity

Lack of movement

Calcium deficiency, ketosis

occurs in cows…

High-yielding

Week before parturition to 3 weeks after (90% of cases)

More common in Holstein-Fresian

Right displacement occurs 7 times more rarely than left

Abomasum is often also rotated

treatment of Displaced abomasum

Surgically (method depends on side, animal condition,

experience)

prevention of Displaced abomasum

 Administering properly balanced fodder including

correct amount of fiber

 proper TMR structure

 gradual increase of share of concentrates

ketosis

In postpartum period cow has the Negative Energy

Balance, demands cannot be fulfilled with fodder

intake

High demands are associated with milk production

Part of metabolic energy comes from fat tissue

Fatty acids are metabolised to glycerol, from which

glucose can be synthesized

Fat metabolism increases when energy supply is not

sufficient

Apart from glucose, ketone bodies are also produced,

which leads to ketosis

when is ketosis most likely to occur

 Most commonly occurs up to 30

days after calving

sympt of ketosis

 symptoms:

 Apetite loss

 Decreased rumen motility

 Sharp decline in milk production

 Rapid weightloss

 Reluctance to movement

In later stage neurological symotoms may occur:

➢ Pushing towards

➢ Walkaing circles

➢ Oversensitivity

➢ Vocalisation

➢ Salivating

➢ Licking

 Risk factors:

➢ Increased condition

➢ Not adapting rumen to fodder changes at the end of dry

period

➢ Too low energy and too high protein content in postpartum

period

➢ Other diseases: displaced abomasum, milk fever, lameness

prevention of ketosis

 Properly balanced TMR

 2-3 weeks before parturition administer concentrates,

gradually increasing its amount (max 3kg/ d.)

 Administering propylene glicol or glycerine 7-10 days before

parturiton and 2 weeks after

 Decrease stress factors in puerperal period

 Dietary supplementation in phosphorus, cobalt, iodine

when does Postpartum hemoglobinuria occur

Occurence: 2-4 weeks after parturition

def of what causes Postpartum hemoglobinuria

Phosphorus deficiency

• enterocytes are fragile and susceptibe for lysis

 Proper phosphorus concentration in serum

1,3-2,6

mmol/l

hypophosphatemia

 0,8 – 0,9 mmol/l -

severe hemoglobinuria

< 0,3 mmol/l -

Postpartum hemoglobinuria symptoms

 Anemia

 Weakness

 Loss of apetite

 Pale mucous membranes

 Hemoglobin in urine

Postpartum hemoglobinuria treatment

Intravenous infusions with phosphorus, vit.C, iron, dextrane

Postpartum hemoglobinuria prevention

 Properly balanced fodder, avoid large amounts of sugar beet,

cabbage, alfalfa in puerperal period

 Supplementation of minerals and vitamins

Hypomagnesemic tetany

 As a result of magnesium levels decrease in serum, which

begins before parturition

 If a cow is put on pasture 2-3 weeks after parturition

 Magnesium concentration drops

 Fresh green fodder contains potassium salts, which inhibits

magnesium absorption

 In spring grass contains 2 times less Mg than later

Hypomagnesemic tetany symptoms

 Lack of apetite, drop in milk production, weightloss,

diarrhoea

Hypomagnesemic tetany neurolog symptoms

 Hypersensitivity for palpation, sounds

 Coordination disturbance

 Stifness of facial muscles

 Muscular tremors

 Stiff gait

 Swimming movements, ,opisthotonus

 Arrhytmia, dyspnoea, coma

Hypomagnesemic tetany tretament

 Intravenous infusion of magnesium and calcium

 Mineral additives (daily demand is 6g)