Chapter 16: Therapy

Hans Eysenck

________ summarized 24 studies of psychotherapy outcomes and found ⅔ those receiving psychotherapy for disorders not involving hallucinations or delusions improved markedly.

Transference

________: in psychoanalysis, the patients transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

Psychoanalytic theory

________ emphasizes the power of childhood experiences to mold the adult.

Carl Rogers

________ developed client- centered therapy.

Interpretation

________: in psychoanalysis, the analysts noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Systematic Desensitization

________: a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety- triggering stimuli.

power of attention

Reinforcing ________ or praise is sufficient, others require concrete rewards, such as food.

popularity of support

The ________ groups- for the addicted, the bereaved, the divorced, or simply those seeking fellowship and growth- may reflect a longing for community and connectedness.

Rogers

________ encouraged therapists to foster acceptance, genuineness, and empathy.

Conscious thoughts

________ are more important than the unconscious.

Joseph Wolpe

________ refined Mary Cover Jones counterconditioning technique into the exposure therapies used today to try and change peoples reactions by repeatedly exposing them to stimuli that trigger unwanted reactions.

humanistic perspective

The ________ emphasizes peoples innate potential for self- fulfillment.

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

________: a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

Resistance

________: in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety laden material.

psychological techniques

In psychotherapy, a trained therapist uses ________ to assist someone seeking either to overcome difficulties or to achieve personal growth.

Psychotherapy Treatment

________: involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

immediate responsibility

The path to growth is taking ________ for ones feelings and actions, rather than uncovering hidden determinants.

Unconditional Positive Regard

________: a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self- awareness and self acceptance.

Dialectical behavioral therapy

________ (DBT) helps change helps change harmful and even suicidal behavior patterns.

Aversive conditioning

________ creates a negative (aversive) response to a harmful stimulus (such as alcohol)

placebo effect

The ________ is the healing power of positive expectations.

Psychodynamic therapists

________ aim to help people gain insight into unconscious dynamics that arise from their life experience.

Freud

________ believed the patients free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences- and the therapists interpretations of them- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self- insight.

Cognitive therapies

________ aim to help people change their mind with new, more constructive ways of perceiving and interpreting events.

Psychoanalysis

________ was Freuds method of helping people to bring these repressed feelings into conscious awareness.

exposure therapy

Counterconditioning, such as with ________, pairs the trigger stimulus with a new response that is incompatible with fear.

Eclectic Approach

________: an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Cognitive behavioral therapy

________ (CBT) takes a combined approach to depression and other disorders.

Token Economy

________: an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats.

classical conditioning

Counterconditioning: behavior therapy procedures that use ________ to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.

Aversive Conditioning

________: associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

cognitive therapies

The ________ assume that our thinking colors our feelings.