SS 130 - Wound and Hemorrhage

Wound

Any injury that causes damage to skin or body tissues

Open wound

Injury where skin is broken and underlying tissues are exposed

Puncture

Incision

Laceration

Abrasion

Avulsion

Types of open wounds

Puncture

Deep wound with a small opening caused by a pointed object

Nail, needle, animal bite

Common causes of punctures

Do NOT probe

Clean surrounding skin

Cover lightly with sterile dressing

First aid of punctures

High

A puncture wound has a what chance of infection risk?

Incision

Clean straight cut in the skin caused by a sharp object

Knives

Surgical instruments

Sharp metal

Incisions are commonly caused by?

Apply direct pressure

Clean wound gently

Close edges with bandage

First aid for incisions

Lacerations

Wound with uneven edges caused by tearing of skin or tissues

Sharp or blunt objects

Broken glass

Tools

Common causes of lacerations

Apply direct pressure

Clean wound

Cover with sterile bandage

First aid for lacerations

Abrasions

Wounds where outer layer of skin is scarped or rubbed off

Falls

Road accidents

Friction against rough surfaces

Common causes of abrasions

Clean wound

Remove dirt or debris

Apply antiseptic

Cover with sterile dressing

First aid for abrasions

Avulsions

Wound in which skin or tissue is forcibly torn away from the body

Machinery accidents

Animal attacks

Severe trauma

Common causes of avulsion

Control bleeding with firm pressure

Cover wound with sterile dressing

Do not removed attached tissue

First aid for avulsions

Closed wound

Injury where skin is not broken but tissues underneath are damaged

Contusions

Caused by blunt force or trauma that damages small blood vessels underneath the skin

Bruises

Contusions are also called?

Blunt trauma

Falls

Common causes of contusions

Apply cold compress

Elevate injured area

Rest the area

First aid for contusions

Hematoma

Collections or pools of blood outside the blood vessels caused by injuries damaging the blood vessels

Trauma

Broken blood vessels

Common causes of hematomas

Cold compress

Monitor size and pain

First aid for hematomas

Crush injury

Serious closed wounds that occur when body part is squeezed or compressed between two heavy objects

Heavy objects

Vehicle accidents

Industrial or machinery accidents

Common causes of crush injury

Ensure scene safety

Do not removed crushing object

Treat for shock

First aid for crush injury

Hemorrhage

Heavy or uncontrolled loss of blood from body

External & internal

Types of hemorrhage by location

Capillary, venous, arterial

Types of hemorrhage by affected blood vessel

External hemorrhage

Visible bleeding outside the body

Internal hemorrhage

Bleeding inside the body

Capillary

Slow, oozing bleeding

Venous

Dark red, steady flow

Arterial

Bright red, spurting blood

Ensure scene safety

Apply firm direct pressure using sterile dressing

Elevate injured part

Apply pressure bandage

Use tourniquet for severe cases

Do not removed crushing object embedded objects

First aid for external hemorrhage

Pain, swelling, bruising

Rigid, tender abdomen

Dizziness, fainting

Pale, cold, clammy skin

Rapid pulse and breathing

Signs of shock

Signs of suspected internal hemorrhage

Lay person down and keep them still

Elevate legs if no head chest spinal injury

Do not give food or drink

Keep the person warm

Monitor breathing and consciousness

First aid for suspected internal hemorrhage

Infection

Excessive blood loss

Shock

Delayed wound healing

Permanent damage or death

Complications of improper wound and hemorrhage care