APES vocab -- exam review assignment

1 point for every 5 terms (max 15 pts) yayyy

unit 1— climate

the average weather that occurs in a given region over a long period of time

unit 1— weather

short-term conditions of the atmosphere in a local area (temp, clouds, wind, precipitation, etc)

unit 1— symbiosis

two species living in a close and long-term association with each other in an ecosystem

unit 1— biosphere

the region of our planet where life resides (combination of all of earth’s ecosystems)

unit 1— competitive exclusion principle

says that two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist (one must go extinct)

unit 1— parasitoid VS parasitism

a type of predator (that lays eggs inside another organism, the host) / a type of species interaction (where one organism lives on/in another)

unit 1— commensalism

interaction b/w 2 species where one benefits and the other is not harmed or helped (😊+😐)

unit 1— exotic/alien species VS invasive species

a species living outside its historical range (were introduced to a new area) / a species that spreads rapidly across large areas and causes harm

unit 1— biome VS habitat

the organisms that are found in a particular region of the world / an area where a particular species lives (both: land or water)

unit 1— littoral zone

shallow zone in lakes/ponds; soil, water, most algae and emerging plants (cattails)

unit 1— limnetic zone

open water in lakes/ponds, the deepest zone sunlight can reach; only phytoplankton is found here

unit 1— profundal zone

sunlight cannot reach this zone

unit 1— benthic zone

the muddy bottom of a lake/pond/ocean

unit 1— oligotrophic VS mesotrophic

lakes w little phytoplankton bc of little nutrients (low fertility) / lakes w a moderate level of fertility

unit 1— estuary

area along the coast where fresh water (rivers) mixes with salt water (ocean)

unit 1— intertidal zone

narrow band of coastline; exists b/w high and low tide

unit 1— coral reef

diverse marine biome; warm, shallow waters

unit 1— open ocean

area of deep-ocean water, sunlight cannot reach the bottom

unit 1— photic zone VS aphotic zone

upper layer of ocean water that gets enough sunlight for photosynthesis / deeper layer of ocean that doesn’t get enough sunlight for photosynthesis

unit 1— chemosynthesis

some bacteria use this process to generate energy w methane and hydrogen sulfide (w/o sunlight— in aphotic zones)

unit 1— biogeochemical cycle

movement of matter w/in and b/w ecosystems; involves biological, geological, and chemical processes

unit 1— ecological efficiency

proportion of consumed energy that can be passed from one trophic level to another (10% rule: overall, only around 10% of biomass is converted into energy)

unit 1— different biomes

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unit 1— different interactions b/w species

unit 1— ecotone VS landscape ecology

boundary zone blending two ecosystems (high in diversity; can be dynamic aka unclear… like tidal zones) / how ecosystems interact (study of)

unit 1— photosynthesis VS cellular respiration (equations)

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + sunlight —> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ —> 6CO₂ + H₂O + ATP (energy)