Comprehensive Review of Cancer, Body Composition, and Fitness Concepts

Initiation

A cell's DNA is mutated.

Promotion

Altered cell repeatedly divides.

Progression

Cells grow out of control.

Oncologist

Specialize in cancer treatment (onco means 'tumor').

Osteoporosis

Disease by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue.

Menopause for women

Rapid loss of estrogen with menopause can cause a decrease in bone density and increased risk for bone fracture for females who don't adhere to healthful lifestyle.

Andropause

Middle age change for men.

BMI

Body mass index.

What is the BMI for obesity?

Between 30-39.9 kg.

Severe obesity

Body weight exceeding 100% of normal, BMI greater than or equal to 40 kg.

Apples shaped

Upper body: increased risk of chronic disease.

Pear Shaped

Lower body, no increased risk of chronic diseases.

Energy balance

Energy intake: kcal from food.

Energy expenditure

Energy expanded at rest (basal metabolic rate).

BMR

Energy expended just to maintain the body's basal or resting functions.

Leptin

Protein hormones produced by fat cells that causes reduced food intake, reduced weight.

Ghrelin

Protein synthesized in the stomach & stimulates appetite by acting on the hypothalamus.

FITT

Frequency, Intensity, Time and type.

ATP

Primary energy carrier in all organisms, releases energy when it is hydrolyzed by ADP.

Creatine Phosphate (CP)

High energy compound that can be broken down and used to regenerate ATP.

Lactic acid

Compound results when pyruvic acid is metabolized in presence of insufficient oxygen.

Macros as we fuel for PA

Carbs, protein and fat.

Carb loading

Involves altering training and carb intake so that muscle glycogen storage is maximized.

Visceral fat

Stored deep within the abdomen adjacent to abdominal organs.

Subcutaneous fat

Layer of fat stored directly beneath skin.

Body image

A person's perception, feelings about and critique their body's appearance and functioning.

Exercise

Structured, purposeful, planned physical activity aiming to improve physical fitness and overall health.

Addiction

Naltrexone is used to treat addiction to alcohol and opioids.

Body dysmorphia (BDD)

An obsession over perceived defect in physical appearance leading to life impairing distress.

Intermittent fasting

Eating pattern where there are periods of eating and fasting, focusing on when to eat.

What does regular activity do for us?

reduces risk for heart disease, stroke and high blood pressure

What is flexibility?

Range of motion

What is muscular strength?

Maximal power output  

What do warm ups do for our body?

increase core body temp & Goal: get blood moving from heart to muscles  

Disordered eating patterns are

psychological and physiological