Marine Bio quiz 3

What are the two major orders of cetaceans?

Mysticeti (baleen whales) and Odontoceti (toothed whales)

How does the feeding strategies of mysticete whales compare to odontocetes?

filter-feeding versus active hunting

How does echolocation work?

A variety of sounds are produced by muscle contractions and vibrations of the phonic lips. Sounds are focused by the melon. Sound reflects from various objects and is returned to animal. Sound is detected by fatty lower jaw and passed to the inner ear and eventually brain. A 3D image of the objects is generated by the brain

What adaptations do marine mammals have to stay underwater for long periods of time?

They have high concentrations of myoglobin in their muscles and hemoglobin in their blood to store oxygen. Marine mammal dive reflex (a combination of slowed heart rate and restricting blood flow to most critical organs). Blubber and/or fur to keep them warm for long periods of time underwater.

How can you distinguish a seal (Phocid) from a sea lion (Otariid)?

Sea lions have visible external ear flaps, long flippers for "walking," whereas seals lack external ears, have short, stubby front flippers, and move on their bellies.

What species of pinnipeds are found in the Salish Sea?

Harbor seal, California sea lion, Stellar sea lion, Northern elephant seal, Northern fur seal

Distinguish a Steller sea lion from a California sea lion

smaller forehead, lighter tan or blonde coloration for steller

Spectogram dimensions

frequency on the vertical axis (low-to-high), and amplitude/intensity (volume) in color.

What evidence do we have that Southern Resident Killer Whales (SRKW) are impacted by anthropogenic sound? 

reduced foraging time, increased energy expenditure, and vocal modifications in the presence of boats