anterior cervical region & root of the neck

cervical vertrebrae

greatest range of motion in the cervical region

atlas (c1)

holds the skull

axis (c2)

helps pivot

vertrebra promiens (C7)

division of cervical and thoracic region

hyoid bone

only bone that doesn’t articulate with another bone

what structures are at the C4 Vertebral level?

hyoid bone, epiglottis, common carotid bifurcation, carotid sinus, carotid body, erbs point

Prevertebral fascia

around vertebral column

pretracheal fascia

anteriorly associated w/ airway

• helps partition different areas of neck

• helps w/ infection

carotid sheath

around major vessels and vagus nerve

danger space

communicates with posterior mediastinum

why does fascia matter?

helps prevent infections from spreading

Why is it called the danger space?

can allow infection to travel into chest

The retropharyngeal space communicates with:

Posterior Mediastinum

which decends down attaching to buccopharyngeal

alar fascia

where is the danger space located

between alar and prevertebral fascia

retropharyngeal space communicates with:

posterior medistinum

Where is the platysma beneath?

superficial fascia

what covers the sternocleidomastoid?

platysma

muscles of facial expression are supplied by :

CN VII (facial Nerve)

Platysma is supplied by:

Facial nerve (CN VII)

what supplies the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid?

spinal accessory nerve

In the posterior triangle the following structures:

• Scalene muscles

• Subclavian vessels

• Brachial plexus

• Cervical plexus

• Transverse cervical artery

• Suprascapular artery

the scalene muscles are supplied by:

ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

what does the posterior scalene attach to?

2nd rib

the phrenic nerve:

passes anterior to the anterior scalene muscles

the brachial plexus:

runs between anterior and middle scalene

the subclavian artery:

posterior to anterior scalene

the subclavian vein:

anterior to anterior scalene

1st part of subclavian artery (1st part)

• vertebral

• thyrocervical trunk

• internal thoracis

2nd part of subclavian artery

costocervical trunk

3rd part of subclavian artery (crosses 1st rib)

supplies upper extremity

central line placement

subclavian vein can be used for central venous catheter placement

The cervical pleura bc it can lead to many possible complications such as:

• Pneumothorax

• Hemothorax

• Lung injury

• Brachial plexus injury

• Subclavian artery injury

What is in the carotid sheath?

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

How do you find the carotid pulse?

use anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid to palpate the common carotid artery

Where do you insert for the internal jugular vein puncture

use the sternocleidomastoid muscles sternal and clavicular heads to do the procedure

Where do cardiac nerves come off of?

come off superior cervical, middle cervical to supply heart

What structures are near the carotid bifurcation?

spinal accessory, hypoglossal, vagus

what does the carotid sinus monitor?

blood pressure

what does the carotid body monitor?

detects chemical composition of blood related to blood gases

what is the carotid body and carotid sinus supplied by?

glossopharyngeal nerve and small contribution of vagus nerve

what muscles does the hypoglossal supply? (CN XII)

tongue muscles

Medial to CN XII

carotid artery (external and internal)

lateral to CN XII

internal jugular vein

sternocleidmastoid m.

inferior to CN XII

ansa cervicalis

superior laryngeal artery

superior to CN XII

posterior belly of digastric m

stylohyoid m