Bio 315 Lecture 22 Part 1

Alveoli

terminal air pouches at end of bronchioles

Respiratory organs [4]

1) Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses

2) Pharynx, larynx, and trachea

3) Bronchi and bronchioles

4) Lungs containing alveoli

Organs of the Respiratory System Divided into [2]

1) Conducting zone

2) Respiratory zone

Conducting zone

passage-way for air

Respiratory zone

allow exchange of gases between

blood and atmosphere

Upper respiratory tract – two types of mucosa [2]

1) Olfactory mucosa

2) Respiratory mucosa – lines remainder of nasal

Olfactory mucosa use and location

1. houses olfactory receptors

2. located on superior concha

Respiratory mucosa

lines remainder of nasal

cavity, nasopharynx, trachea, bronchi

Respiratory Mucosa Consists of [3]

1) Ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium

2) Goblet cells

3) mucosal glands

mucosal glands

secrete lysozyme to destroy bacteria and mucus to trap debris

Nasal Conchae

Superior, Middle, and Inferior covered by respiratory mucosa

Groove inferior to each concha

Meatus (there are 3: superior, middle, and inferior)

Conchae and meatuses Function

1) Filter air of particulate matter

2) Warm inhaled air

3) Moisten inhaled air:

Paranasal Sinuses [4]

1) Air-filled spaces

2) within skull bones

3) lined by respiratory mucosa

4)lighten skull and sound resonance

4 Paranasal Sinuses

a) Frontal

b) Sphenoidal

c) Ethmoidal

d) Maxillary

The Nasopharynx [3]

1) Only an air passageway

2) Closed off during swallowing

3) Lined by respiratory mucosa

The Larynx 3 functions

a) Voice production (contains vocal cords)

b) Provides an open airway

c) Routes air and food

The Larynx [3]

1) Lies at entrance to trachea

2) Three functions

3) Mostly cartilage framework

Epiglottis

elastic cartilage

What is the larynx made up of

1) Epiglottis (elastic cartilage)

2) Thyroid cartilage

3) Cricoid cartilage

4)Arytenoid cartilages

Cartilage components

mostly hyaline cartilage,

except epiglottis

Rima Glottidis

Space between vocal cords

Vocal cords move via

movements of arytenoids

Larynx Picture [4]

Two types of vocal cord movement

1. Lateral-medial: increase/decrease size of rima glottidis

2. Rotation: change length/tension of cords = pitch

Innervation of the larynx

branch from vagus nerve