AP Hug Unit 3 Term List

What is culture?

Culture consists of social behavior and norms found in a society, along with knowledge, beliefs, values, and customs.

What are the two types of culture mentioned?

Folk culture and popular culture.

What characterizes folk culture?

Folk culture is associated with small, homogeneous, rural groups that maintain traditions.

What is popular culture?

Popular culture consists of large, heterogeneous groups that are typically urban and experience rapidly changing cultural traits.

What is local culture?

Local culture involves a group of people in a place who share common experiences, customs, and traits.

What is material culture?

Material culture includes anything that can be physically seen on the landscape, like food, clothing, and architecture.

What is nonmaterial culture?

Nonmaterial culture refers to the beliefs, aesthetics, and values of a group.

What is hierarchical diffusion?

Hierarchical diffusion is the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority to other persons or places.

What is contagious diffusion?

Contagious diffusion is the spread of ideas from person to person, often through word of mouth or social media.

What does expansion diffusion mean?

Expansion diffusion develops in the hearth but spreads outward.

What is a hearth?

A hearth is the region where ideas originate from.

What is assimilation in culture?

Assimilation is the process of less dominant cultures losing their cultural identity to a more dominant culture.

What is cultural appropriation?

Cultural appropriation is the process by which dominant cultures adopt customs and knowledge from other cultures for their own benefit.

What does cultural relativism mean?

Cultural relativism is the evaluation of another culture by that culture's own standards.

What is ethnocentrism?

Ethnocentrism is the evaluation of another culture based on one’s own cultural standards.

What is commodification?

Commodification is the transformation of something into a product for commercial purposes.

What are opinion leaders?

Opinion leaders are individuals who exert social control and influence over others.

What is reterritorialization?

Reterritorialization is when traits diffuse but change in different localities to match the values of local culture.

What is placelessness?

Placelessness is the loss of uniqueness of place so that one place looks like another.

What is glocalization?

Glocalization is when a place adopts a culture and adapts it to fit local preferences.

What are monotheistic religions?

Monotheistic religions are religions that believe in only one god.

What are polytheistic religions?

Polytheistic religions are religions that believe in more than one god.

What does the term 'diaspora' refer to?

Diaspora refers to the scattering of Jewish settlements outside Israel.

What does the term 'extrafaith' mean?

Extrafaith boundaries are boundaries between the world’s major faiths.

What does 'intrafaith' refer to?

Intrafaith boundaries are boundaries within a single major faith.

What is the significance of the Great Schism?

The Great Schism refers to the split between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.

What is a pilgrimage?

A pilgrimage is a journey to sacred sites for religious rituals.

What is a sacred site?

A sacred site is a location infused with religious significance.

What is the Hajj?

The Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca, required for all Muslim believers.

What is religious fundamentalism?

Religious fundamentalism is a strict, literal interpretation of religious beliefs.

What is jihad?

Jihad is a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim toward a moral or spiritual goal.