AP LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION

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Last updated 1:20 AM on 4/23/26
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30 Terms

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Diction

The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing, which affects tone and meaning.

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Denotation/Connotation

Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, while connotation involves the emotional or cultural associations connected to it, influencing the tone and interpretation.

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Syntax

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences, which contributes to the overall meaning and style of a text.

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Figurative Language

Language that uses metaphors, similes, and imagery to convey meanings beyond the literal interpretations.

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Circumlocution

The use of many words to express an idea indirectly, often to be evasive or to avoid straightforwardness.

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Euphemism

A figure of speech in which a mild or indirect word replaces a harsh or blunt term, often to soften the impact of the expression.

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Paradox

A statement that seems contradictory or self-refuting but may contain a truth or reveal an insight.

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Rhetorical Question

A question asked for effect or to make a point rather than to receive an answer, often used in arguments or persuasive writing.

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Irony

words are used in a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning, often highlighting a contradiction between appearance and reality

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Satire

using humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize human vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings

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Style

The distinctive expression of thoughts and ideas through diction, tone, and syntax.

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Tone

The emotional attitude conveyed by a writer's or speaker's choices of words.

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Mood

The emotional atmosphere created in a text that influences the audience's feelings.

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Ethos

An ethical appeal to credibility and trustworthiness in the speaker.

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Logos

A logical appeal using reasoning and evidence to persuade an audience.

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Pathos

An emotional appeal aimed at evoking feelings from the audience.

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Rhetorical Modes

Methods used in writing to convey ideas, like narration or argumentation.

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Repetition

The recurrence of words or phrases for emphasis and clarity.

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Parallelism

Using similar structures in sentences to create rhythm and clarity.

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Juxtaposition

Placing contrasting ideas or elements together for effect.

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Rhetorical Fallacies

Errors in reasoning that weaken an argument, often used deceptively.

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Allusion

A brief reference to a significant person, place, or idea to add context.

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Anecdote

A short, personal story used to illustrate a point.

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Concession

Acknowledging an opposing viewpoint to strengthen an argument.

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Credibility

The trustworthiness of a speaker or writer established through evidence.

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Motif

A recurring element or theme in a literary work that enriches meaning.

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Pacing

The speed at which a narrative unfolds, affecting its rhythm and energy.

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Thesis

A statement presenting the main argument or claim of a text.

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Counterclaim

An assertion that challenges the main claim or argument.

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Claim

An assertion that something is true, requiring evidence.