HOSA PATHO: Trauma

Abrasions

outer layers of the skin have been scraped away of roughed up and deeper layers are exposed

Avulsion

portion of the skin and possibly underlying tissue is torn away (completely or partially)

Lacerations

sharp object cuts the skin and possibly underlying soft tissue

Bruns

thermal insults o the tissue caused by heat or chemical (or others)

rule of nines: provides fast and fairly accurate calculation of the body surface involved.

Hyperthermia

body’s core temperature is greater than 98.6 degrees F

can result in brain damage

hyopthermia

body’s temperature drops below 95 degrees F

ash colored skin (dark people)

Frosbite

frozen or extremely cold tissue, usually on the face, ears, fingers, and toes, is termed frostbite.

Rocky Mountain Spotted fever/tick bite

• severe systemic infection

• most commonly reported rickettsial disease in the United States

• characteristic maculopapular rash spreads over the body

• severe headaches, malaise, vimiting, and myalgia

• cause: Rickettsia rickettsii

• diagnosis: positive complement fixation reaction and multiple tick bites

• treatment: Antibitoic therapy with doxycycline or tetracycline

Malaria/mosquito bite

• generalized infection caused by the bite of an anopheles mosquito infected by plasmodium (ptotozoa)

• classic cycle of chills, fever, and sweats occuring in that order

• enlarged spleen, liver, and present anemia

• common in tropical/subtropical envrionements (South and central America, Asia, and Africa)

• caused by anopheles mosquito and by plasmodium protozoa

• chloroquine (antimalarial drug)

Carpal tunnel syndrome

entrapment or compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel causes pain and numbness in the wrist, hands, and fingers

• fluttering of the fingers, numbness, pronounced pain at night, swelling or the wrist, etc.

• exerted pressure on the median nerve (repetitive use of the median nerve and carpal tunnel tendons) can cause carpal tunnel syndrome

patients: numbness and tingling in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the fourth/ring finger

Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome?

median nerve percussion test: exminar taps alongside the infected wrist, inflicting pins and needles sensation in the hand

Phalaen wrist flexor test: presses the backs of hands together for 60 seconds. Numbness or tingling indicate carpal tunnel syndrome.

Tennis elbow/lateral humeral epicondylitis

result of repetitive movement involving flexion of the wrist against resistance.

inflammatory, and impacts the distal portion of the humerus

NSAIDs

Trigger finger/stenosing tenosynovitis

the index finger has a lump or knot that appears on the flexor tendon

flexion or extension are interrupted

jerking or snapping motion

excessive use of the index finger

NSAIDs

Thoracic outlet syndrome (brachial plexus injury)

compression of the brachial plexus nerves

Tendonitits

inflammation of a tendon caused by insult or injury

calcium deposits

non-specific pain along tendon attachments

steroids

Shaken infant syndrome/shaken baby syndrome

injurries incurred by infant or toddler who has been shaken forcibly enough to cause intracerebral bleeding, resulting in a closed head injury

Major types of trauma?

open, assault, thermal, and psychological

when is it appropriate to use tetanus toxoid in prophylactic treatment?

wound management and to prevent colistridium tetani/tetanus

Quervain disease

“a painful, inflammatory condition affecting the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist, often caused by repetitive strain from activities like lifting infants, typing, or golfing. It causes pain when turning the wrist, grasping, or making a fist. Treatments include rest, splinting, anti-inflammatory medication, and rarely, surgery.”