Geoscience rocks

dark rock

mafic

light rock

felsic

fine grained

Andesitic

course grained

phaneritic

shows how one type of rocky material gets transformed into another

rock cycle

created by melting of rock above a subduction zone

magma 

form when magma cools and solidifies

Igneous rock

includes two distinct crystal sizes, large formed first during slow cooling underground and the small forming during more rapid cooling at the Earth’s surface Special igneous textures

Porphyritic

Three stages of granite

Granite, Diorite, Gabbro

sizes of volcanic debris called pyroclasts

Bomb, Lapilli, Ash

a fluids resistance of flowing

viscosity

three classifications of extrusive rock

granitic- light, andesitic- medium, basaltic- dark

rocks produced from rock fragments

detrital 

rocks produced by precipitation of dissolved ions in water

chemical

rocks produced by accumulation of biological debris, such as in swamps or bogs

organic

particle size of sedimentary rocks

boulder, cobble, pebble, sand, silt, clay

general term for processes converting loose sediment into sedimentary rock

lithification

lithification _______ and _________

compacts and cements

Metamorphic rocks common in the old, stable cores of continents, known as

cratons

is the chemical alteration of a rock by hydrothermal and other fluids by Hydrothermal processes

Metasomatism

Quartzite formed from

sandstone

Marble formed from

limestone

slate formed from

shale

Gneiss formed from

granite

Regional metamorphism associated with ___________ plate boundaries

convergent 

Partial melting during metamorphism

migmatites

shiest formed from

mica

formation order of coal

peat, lignite, Bituminous, Anthracite

Volcanic depression much larger than the original crater, formed with the volcano collapses into the vacated chamber

Caldera