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What are the Three Jewels?

Buddha, Dharma and Sangha; the foundation of Buddhist refuge and guidance.

What is Buddha?

The enlightened teacher who discovered the path to liberation from suffering.

What is Dharma?

The Buddha’s teachings and truth, including the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path.

What is Sangha?

The Buddhist community of monks, nuns and lay followers who support the Dharma.

Why are the Three Jewels important?

They give Buddhists a teacher, a path and a community to support enlightenment.

What are the Four Noble Truths?

The Buddha’s teaching that life involves suffering, suffering has a cause, suffering can end, and there is a path to end it.

What is Dukkha?

Suffering, dissatisfaction or unsatisfactoriness within existence.

What is Samudaya?

The cause of suffering, mainly craving, attachment and desire.

What is Nirodha?

The end of suffering through the removal of craving and attachment.

What is Magga?

The Noble Eightfold Path, the way to end suffering and reach Nirvana.

Why are the Four Noble Truths important?

They explain the human condition and provide a practical path to liberation.

What are the Three Marks of Existence?

Anicca, Dukkha and Anatta.

What is Anicca?

Impermanence; all things change and nothing lasts forever.

What is Anatta?

No permanent self or soul exists.

Why are the Three Marks important?

They help Buddhists overcome attachment by understanding reality clearly.

What are the Five Precepts?

Training rules to avoid killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, false speech and intoxicants.

Why are the Five Precepts important?

They promote compassion, mindfulness, self-control and ethical living.

Modern example of the Five Precepts.

A Buddhist may avoid alcohol, refuse plagiarism and choose non-violent behaviour.

What is the Vinaya?

The monastic code of discipline for Buddhist monks and nuns.

Why is the Vinaya important?

It preserves discipline, harmony and authenticity within the Sangha.

Modern example of the Vinaya.

Monks live simply, own few possessions and follow strict rules for conduct.

What is Puja?

Buddhist worship and devotion performed at a shrine.

What occurs during Puja in the home?

Lighting candles, burning incense, offering flowers, chanting and meditation.

What do flowers symbolise in Puja?

Impermanence, because flowers wither and die.

Why is Puja important?

It strengthens devotion to the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha.

Modern example of Puja.

A Buddhist family may meditate and chant before a home shrine each morning.

What is the Incarnation?

The Christian belief that Jesus Christ is fully God and fully human.

Primary source for the Incarnation.

“The Word became flesh and dwelt among us.” (John 1:14)

Secondary source for the Incarnation.

The Council of Chalcedon taught that Jesus is fully divine and fully human.

What is the Hypostatic Union?

The doctrine that Jesus has both a divine nature and human nature in one person.

Why is Jesus’ humanity important?

It means Jesus fully experienced human suffering and can model human obedience to God.

Why is Jesus’ divinity important?

It means Jesus reveals God fully and has the power to bring salvation.

Evidence of Jesus’ humanity.

“Jesus wept.” (John 11:35)

Evidence of Jesus’ divinity.

“I and the Father are one.” (John 10:30)

What is Atonement?

Reconciliation between God and humanity through Jesus’ death.

Why is the Crucifixion important?

It shows God’s love and provides redemption from sin.

What is the Resurrection?

Jesus rising from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion.

Primary source for the Resurrection.

“He was raised on the third day.” (1 Corinthians 15:4)

Secondary source for the Resurrection.

The Nicene Creed states that Jesus rose again on the third day.
“On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures; he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.”

Why is the Resurrection important?

It proves victory over sin and death and gives Christians hope of eternal life.

What is the Ascension?

Jesus’ return to Heaven forty days after the Resurrection.

Why is the Ascension important?

It completes Jesus’ earthly mission and confirms his divine authority.

What is the Trinity?

One God existing as three persons: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

Primary source for the Trinity.

“Baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.” (Matthew 28:19)

Secondary source for the Trinity.

The Nicene Creed affirms belief in the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

“I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets.”

What role does God the Father have?

Creator and sustainer of the universe.

What role does God the Son have?

Redeemer who saves humanity through his life, death and resurrection.

What role does God the Holy Spirit have?

Sanctifier who guides, strengthens and inspires believers.

What is Revelation?

God making Himself known to humanity.

Primary source for Revelation.

“In these last days he has spoken to us by his Son.” (Hebrews 1:2)

What is General Revelation?

Knowledge of God gained through creation, nature and human reason.

What is Special Revelation?

Knowledge of God revealed through Jesus Christ and scripture.

What is Salvation?

Being saved from sin and restored to relationship with God through Jesus Christ.

Primary source for Salvation.

“For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son.” (John 3:16)

Why is Salvation important?

It gives Christians hope of forgiveness, eternal life and reconciliation with God.

What is the Holy Bible?

The sacred text of Christianity containing the Old and New Testaments.

Primary source supporting the Bible.

“All Scripture is God-breathed.” (2 Timothy 3:16)

Secondary source supporting the Bible.

Dei Verbum teaches that scripture reveals God’s truth.

Why is the Bible important?

It provides authority, guidance, teaching and revelation for Christians.

What is the Nicene Creed?

A formal statement of Christian belief from the early Church.

Why is the Nicene Creed important?

It unites Christians through shared beliefs about the Trinity, Jesus and salvation.

What are the Ten Commandments?

Moral laws given by God to Moses that guide Christian behaviour.

Primary source for the Ten Commandments.

Exodus 20:1-17.

Why are the Ten Commandments important?

They form the foundation of Christian moral law and ethical behaviour.

Modern example of the Ten Commandments.

A Christian refuses to cheat, steal or plagiarise because it violates God’s law.

What is Jesus’ Commandment of Love?

Love God and love your neighbour as yourself.

Primary source for the Commandment of Love.

Matthew 22:37-39.

Why is the Commandment of Love important?

It summarises Christian ethics through selfless love.

Modern example of the Commandment of Love.

Christians volunteer with the Salvation Army or St Vincent de Paul to help vulnerable people.

What are the Beatitudes?

Jesus’ teachings from the Sermon on the Mount describing Christian virtues.

Primary source for the Beatitudes.

Matthew 5:3-12.

Why are the Beatitudes important?

They teach mercy, humility, justice, compassion and peacemaking.

Modern example of the Beatitudes.

Christians support homelessness services, prison ministries and social justice initiatives.