Ch 17&20: Thermochemistry, Entropy and Free Energy Vocabulary Terms for CK-12 Honors Chemistry
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27 Terms
thermochemistry
the study of the transfers of energy as heat that accompany chemical reactions and physical changes
calorimeter
a device used to measure the energy absorbed or released as heat in a chemical or physical change
temperature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
joule (J)
the SI unit of heat as well as all other forms of energy
heat quantity (q)
the energy transferred between samples of matter because of a difference in their temperatures
specific heat
the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius
c (lower case)
symbol for specific heat
enthalpy of reaction
the scientific term for the quantity of energy transferred as heat during a chemical reaction
exothermic
a reaction in which energy is released; negative value
endothermic
a reaction in which energy is absorbed; positive value
0 KJ
amount of energy for the formation of elements
Hess' Law of Heat Summation
the overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalphy changes for the individual steps in the process
"broken"
all reactants must have their bonds ________________________
"formed"
all products must have their bonds __________________________
thermochemical equation
equation that includes the quanitity of heat released or absorbed during the reaction as written
reactant
energy of an endothermic reaction is written as a ______________________
product
energy of an exothermic reaction is written as a ________________________
Gibbs Free Energy
combined enthalpy-entropy of a system to determine if it is spontaneous
negative ΔG
favorable & spontaneous reaction
positive ΔG
nonfavorable & nonspontaneous reaction
positive ΔS
increase in disorder
negative ΔS
decrease in disorder
ΔG is always negative & spontaneous
negative enthalpy and positive entropy
ΔG is always positive & nonspontaneous
positive enthalpy and negative entropy
"flipped"
reactants must have their heats of formation values _____________
"stay the same"
products must have their heats of formation values _______________
entropy
a measure of the disorder of a system