AP World History Review: 1200-Present

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering AP World History content from Period 1 (1200) through Period 4 (Present), focusing on state building, trade networks, land-based/maritime empires, industrialization, and global conflicts.

What systems did state building in Southeast Asia rely on to consolidate power during the Global Tapestry period ($1200-1450$)?

Hinduism and Buddhism

How is feudalism defined in the context of Western Europe's social structure?

Structuring society through classes including kings, nobles, peasants, and serfs

What were the primary economic developments in China that promoted interregional trade and population growth?

The Grand Canal and drought-resistant Champa rice from Vietnam

Who established the Yuan dynasty in China, and what was a key social restriction during their rule?

Kublai Khan and Mongol Nomads; Chinese and Mongols were not allowed to intermarry

In Japanese feudal hierarchy, who were the landowners ruled by the Emperor and Shogun?

Daimyo

Which African empire (1200-1400) was known for Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca and the mosques and libraries in Timbuktu?

Mali

What specific agricultural innovation in Europe helped promote larger populations during the Global Tapestry period?

The three-field system

What was the 'House of Wisdom' in Baghdad?

A place of study and translation of European and Asian works with the largest library in the Abbasid Empire

What technological innovations facilitated trade along the Indian Ocean routes?

Astrolabe, compass, sternpost rudder, lateen sail, and dhow ships

What environmental consequence of trade killed up to $75\%$ of the population in Europe?

The Black Death (bubonic plague)

Which trade route specifically connected North Africa and the Mediterranean basin to Saharan Africa?

Trans-Saharan trade routes

What event in $1453$ marked the rise of the Ottoman Empire?

The Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople

What religious movement in $1517$ challenged corrupt church practices in Europe?

The Protestant Reformation (started by Martin Luther's 95 Theses)

Define the 'Divine Right of Kings' used in Europe.

The belief that the king is God's man on earth, similar to the Mandate of Heaven in China

What were the three types of faster, nimbler ships developed by Europeans for maritime trade?

Fluyt, caravel, and carrick

What was the 'Encomienda system' in the Spanish Americas?

A system where conquistadors protected a group of natives and foreigners while forcing them to work as payment

What was the purpose of the 'Devshirme' system in the Ottoman Empire?

To enslave Christian boys from the Mediterranean and Balkans to be educated and made into loyal military (Janissaries) or bureaucrats

Which syncretic religion developed in $1526$ as a mix of Islam and Hinduism?

Sikhism

What were the three legs of the 'Triangular Trade'?

Europe to Africa, Africa to the Americas, and the Americas back to Europe

In the Casta system of Latin America, who were 'Peninsulares' and 'Criollos'?

Peninsulares were born in Europe; Criollos were Europeans born in America

Which 1848 convention applied Enlightenment ideas of natural rights to women's suffrage?

Seneca Falls Convention

What is the 'Social Contract' theory advocated by John Locke and later Jean Jacques Rousseau?

An agreement between people and their government regarding natural rights like life, liberty, and property

What were the four 'MAIN' causes of World War I?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism

Which two cities were targeted with nuclear bombs at the end of World War II, leading to Japan's surrender?

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

What was the purpose of the 'Marshall Plan' introduced by the US?

To provide $13\text{ billion}$ dollars in aid for post-war reconstruction to prevent the spread of communism

Define 'Perestroika' and 'Glasnost' as introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev.

Perestroika involved reorganizing the Soviet economy with free trade principles; Glasnost involved openness and transparency in the Russian government

What term describes a company that controls the manufacture and sale of a good in at least one country other than its own?

Multinational Corporation (e.g., McDonald's or Google)

What was the 'Green Revolution' and what were its environmental consequences?

The introduction of GMO variants of wheat, grain, and rice; it led to increased birth rates but caused deforestation, desertification, and pollution

What are the names of the two major international agreements aimed at combating climate change mentioned in the notes?

The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement

Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks who established a communist government in Russia?

Vladimir Lenin