[BIO 102] Chapters 18-20 Obj jc

What is the endosymbiont theory?

Origin of Eukaryotes

What are two pieces of evidence for the endosymbiont theory?

Binary fission, divide like bacteria
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA like bacteria

What are two advantages of multicellularity?

Specialization or differentiation
Size advantage to avoid predators

What are three characteristics of protists?

Eukaryotic
Can be both autotrophs and heterotrophs
Can be both unicellular and multicellular

What are three (of five) eukaryotic “supergroups”?

SAR
Amoebozoa
Excavata

What is an example organism from each eukaryotic supergroup?

SAR - Brown algae
Amoebozoa - Amoeba
Excavata - Euglena

What are four general characteristics of plants?

Cell wall
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Primarily autotrophic

What are the four plant adaptations for life on land?

Retain moisture, Obtaining resources, Internal transportation and support, Reproduction

What is the function of Cuticle?

To prevent water loss

What is the function of Stomata?

An opening for gas exchange

What is the function of Vascular Tissue?

Transports water and nutrients throughout the plant

What is the function of Vascular Tissue (Xylem)?

Only moves water up

What is the function of Vascular Tissue (Phloem)?

Moves nutrients and sugars up or down

What is the function of Lignin?

Provide structural support

What is the function of Seeds?

To distribute and protect baby plants

What is the function of Flowers?

Reproduction

What is the function of Fruits?

Things that contain and protect seeds

What is alternation of generations? (draw ts for saq)

The way plants reproduce

What are Sporophytes and Gametophytes?

Spor - diploid, multicellular
Game - haploid, multicellular

What are the three major plant groups?

Nonvascular plants
Vascular, seedless plants
Seed plants

What are the general characteristics of each plant group in terms of the relative size of their sporophyte and gametophyte generations and reliance on each generation for nutrition?

Answer in this order: Size relative to sporophyte, Size relative to gametophyte, Depends on gametophyte for nutrition

Nonvascular - Varies, Varies, Yes
Vascular, seedless - Small, Large, No
Seed - Microscopic, Large, No

To which group do mosses and ferns belong?

Moss - nonvascular
Fern - vascular, seedless

What are four defining characteristics of fungi?

Eukaryotic
Multicellular or Unicellular
Heterotrophs (often decomposers)
Cell wall made of chitin

What are three (of five) fungal phyla?

Ascomycota
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota

What are Hyphae?

Threadlike structures that compose fruiting bodies with tips that digest and absorb food

What are Mycelia?

Mass of hyphae

What are Lichens?

A single celled algae and fungus